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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


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j^'>a.. 


McKEE'S 

New  Standard  Shorthand. 


A  New  and  Simplified  Method  op  Brief  Phono- 
graphic Writing,  Adapted  to  all  the 
Uses  Made  of  Shorthand  Writ- 
ing IN  Modern  Times, 

BY 


Author  of  "  The  New  Rapid"  System  of  Shorthand 


Er.E^  'EX  TIT  EDI  TIOX. 
WITH  COMPLETE  KEY. 


Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

McKee  Publishing  Company, 

1903. 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1891, 

By  C.  E.  McKeb, 

in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


Principles  secured  by  special  copyright. 


-DEDICATION' 


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PREFACE. 

The  system  which  this  work  sets  forth  is  a  new  method  of 
shorthand  writing,  constructed  with  the  object  of  more  fully- 
meeting  the  demands  of  modern  times.  It  is  the  result  of 
much  study,  practice  and  investigation,  and  the  principles  em- 
bodied in  it  are  largely  those  which  shorthand  investigators 
have  recognized  as  being  the  proper  ones  necessary  to  the 
producing  of  an  ideal  system  of  shorthand  writing. 

The  author  had  for  a  number  of  years  worked  at  the  forma- 

^2     tion  of  what  he  considered  a  perfect  system  of  shorthand  writ- 

^     ing — a  system  which  would  : 

>.         I.     Write  the  English  language  without  the  use  of  position 

DC 

<:     m  any  way. 

CQ         II.     Which  would  employ  a  phonetic  alphabet  of  characters  ' 

capable  of  expressing  all  vowels  and  consonants  without  lifting 

the  pen. 

III.  Which  would  use  a  set  of  simple  rules  for  contracting, 
applicable  to  all  characters  alike. 

IV.  Which  would  write  all  words  without  the  use  of  de- 
tached prefixes  and  suffixes  or  arbitrary  signs. 

V.  Which  would  employ  but  two  hooks,  large  and  small, 
each  representing  but  one  sound  in  all  places,  and  uniting  with 
all  characters  alike. 

VI.  Which  would  secure  outlines  that  could  be  written 
with  perfect  ease  and  great  rapidity  without  becoming  distorted 
and  illegible. 

VII.  Which  would    do   away  with  tick  characters  in   the 
alphabet  and  permit  strokes,  however  short  or  long,  to  repre 
sent  but  the  one  sound. 


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6  NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 

VIII.  Which  would  harmonize  the  alphabet  and  principles 
so  as  to  produce  analogous  outlines  and  a  brevity  sufficient  for 
the  most  rapid  work  without  resorting  to  numerous  contracted 
forms. 

IX.  Which  would  employ  shading  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
make  the  legibility  of  the  writing  dependent  upon  it  as  little 
as  possible. 

X.  Which  would  present  the  whole  system  complete  in 
one  text-book  in  as  simple  a  manner  as  possible  and  in  such 
order  as  to  prevent  unlearning  or  unnecessary  work  on  the  part 
of  the  student.  And,  lastly,  a  system  which  would  be  so  com- 
bined in  all  its  parts  as  to  represent  language  with  absolute 
legibility  and  record  the  most  rapid  utterances  of  human 
speech  on  the  most  technical  subjects  with  certainty. 

For  some  time  the  author's  efiforts  fell  short  of  so  high  an 
ideal,  but  after  the  construction  of  a  number  of  systems,  and 
the  publication  and  use  of  two  which  have  met  with  no  small 
amount  of  success,  we  are  happy  to  be  able  to  state  that  our 
final  efiforts  have  been  crowned  with  results  which  even  ex- 
ceeded our  expectations,  and  we  have  a  realization  of  the  ideal 
system  in  New  Standard  Shorthand. 

The  practicability  of  a  system  based  upon  and  embodying 
such  principles  as  the  foregoing  must  be  conceded  by  all  fair 
minded  people. 

Great  pains  have  been  taken  in  the  production  of  the  text- 
book of  instruction,  to  make  it  thorough,  complete  and  con- 
cise, and  to  render  it  as  perfect  a  self-instructor  as  is  possible 
to  be  done. 

On  each  page  of  engraved  matter  a  key  is  given  to  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  lines,  to  enable  the  student  to  understand 
the  practical  working  of  the  rule;  while  the  remaining  part 
of  the  plate  is  without  a  key  and  is  to  be  read  from  the 
learner's  own  knowledge  and  understanding  of  the  principle. 


PREFACE.  7 

It  is  believed  that  this  plan  is  by  far  the  best  for  leading  the 
student  out  to  think  and  act  for  himself  —  a  point  which  he 
must  sooner  or  later  acquire  in  order  to  reach  any  success. 

Words  which  are  contracted  have,  as  far  as  possible,  been 
presented  in  connection  with  the  lesson  explainmg  the 
principle  by  which  they  are  written.  This  arrangement 
enables  the  student  to  learn  them  in  a  classified  manner  and  at 
a  time  when  the  rule  by  which  they  are  written  is  fresh  in  the 
memory. 

At  different  stages  of  the  subject  matter  we  have  given 
plates  of  easy  sentences,  which  form  an  excellent  review  of 
past  work,  and  which  will  lead  the  student  to  a  knowledge  of 
the  requirements  of  actual  shorthand  writing  at  a  time  in  his 
progress  when  such  a  realization  is  often  of  vast  importance. 

After  a  full  exposition  of  the  theory  of  the  system,  a 
practical  vocabulary  of  difficult  words  is  presented,  which 
furnishes  a  perfect  copy  for  the  writing  of  more  than  a  thou- 
sand words,  and  which  when  thoroughly  understood  will  act 
as  a  guide  to  the  correct  writing  of  all  the  words  in  the 
language. 

Our  experience  in  teaching  shorthand  has  convinced  us  that 
every  student,  upon  completing  the  theory,  stands  in  great  need 
of  a  thorough  review  in  a  practical  way  of  the  entire  system. 
The  review  is  not  needed  so  much  in  a  repeated  study  of  the 
theory  as  in  a  thorough  application  of  the  theory  to  practical 
work.  To  supply  the  student  and  teacher  with  this  much 
needed  practice  matter,  we  have  arranged  a  complete  set  of 
Review  Lessons,  which  are  given  at  the  close  of  the  book. 
The  course  is  so  arranged  as  to  take  the  student  through  the 
practice  of  the  entire  theory  in  a  new  and  entertaining  manner, 
and  carries  him  on  into  the  most  practical  dictation  matter. 

For  the  purpose  of  acquainting  the  reader  with  the  principal 
advantages    of    New    Standard   Shorthand,  the   marked 


NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


features  of  the  system  are  briefly  explained  in  the  Introduction 
which  follows. 

With  a  belief  that  New  Standard  Shorthand  will  greatly 
lesson  the  labors  of  those  who  already  wield  the  stenographic 
pen,  and  that  it  will  bring  shorthand  writing  within  the  reach 
of  every  one,  and  enable  the  world  to  make  a  freer  use  of  the 
art  than  has  been  possible  heretofore,  we  send  it  forth,  re- 
questing at  the  hands  of  each  a  careful  and  unprejudiced, 
examination  of  the  merits  of  the  system. 

Charles  E.  McKee. 


INTRODUCTION. 


For  a  great  many  years  there  has  been  an  endeavor  to 
provide  the  world  with  a  rapid  and  satisfactory  method  of 
recording  speech.  Many  methods  have  been  devised  for  the 
accomplishment  of  this  noble  object,  and  while  some  of  them 
have  served  their  day  and  generation  in  a  way,  yet  never 
within  the  history  of  shorthand  writing  has  there  been  such  a 
universal  demand  for  a  more  certain  and  scientific  method  of 
recording  speech  —  a  method  more  perfectly  adapted  to  all 
the  requirements  of  modern  times.  The  great  advancement 
that  has  been  made  in  all  the  departments  of  human  activity 
within  the  past  few  years  renders  the  systems  of  former  days 
behind  the  times  in  many  ways,  and  incapable  of  meeting  all 
the  requirements  of  this  progressive  age. 

When  the  Pitman  system,  which  forms  the  basis  of  most  of 
the  systems  in  use  to-day,  was  invented,  there  were  not  the 
demands  made  upon  the  art  of  shorthand  writing  that  there 
are  to-day.  The  alphabet  then  adopted  was  constructed  upon 
the  idea  that  there  was  an  affinity  or  relationship  existing 
between  certain  el'^mentary  sounds  and  certain  shorthand 
characters.  Thus  the  all-important  questions,  such  as  securing 
easy  combinations,  obtaining  simplicity  and  harmony  of 
principles,  employing  for  most  frequent  use  the  easiest 
characters,  and  adapting  all  the  component  parts  to  the 
accomplishment  of  the  one  great  object  sought,  namely,  the 
representing  of  language  with  the  legibility  of  longhand  and 
swiftness  of  speech,  were  not  taken  into  consideration  in  the 
formation  of  the  alphabet.     And  further,  many  of  the  prin- 


10  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

ciples  in  use  to-day  in  the  old  systems  have  been  added  during 
recent  years  in  an  attempt  to  meet  the  requirements  of  modern 
times,  and  as  a  result  the  majority  of  them  are  not  suited  to 
the  alphabet  or  to  each  other.  It  is  apparent  that,  in  the  con- 
struction of  a  system  of  shorthand,  as  elsewhere  m  the  inventive 
field,  in  order  to  produce  certain  results,  we  must  understand 
all  of  the  requirements  thoroughly  and  so  plan  the  foundation, 
as  well  as  the  superstructure,  as  to  conduce  naturally  towards 
the  accomplishment  of  our  object. 

In  the  construction  of  the  New  Standard  Shorthand,  the 
controlling  principle  was  the  employing  of  the  stenographic 
material  available  in  its  order  of  practicability,  and  of  assign- 
ing to  each  sound  such  a  value  as  would  best  fulfill  the  special 
mission  required  of.  it,  and  of  employing  such  expedient 
contracting  principles  in  such  manner  as  to  produce  a  com- 
plete, harmonious  system,  which  would  naturally  write  the 
English  language,  including  all  of  its  peculiar,  twisted  com- 
binations, with  the  swiftness  of  speech  and  legibility  of 
longhand.  The  result  is,  that  in  the  New  Standard  Shorthand 
we  have  a  method  which  is  equally  well  adapted  to  all  classes 
of  shorthand  work.  It  is  so  simple  that  all  are  able  to  learn 
it  ;  so  legible  that  all  are  able  to  read  it  ;  and  so  swift  that  all 
are  able  to  write  it.  These  three  important  features — simplicity, 
legibility  and  rapidity — are  the  three  cardinal  virtues  of  New 
Standard  Shorthand,  and  it  is  the  securing  of  these  three  in 
such  H  high  degree  of  perfection  that  renders  this  system  of 
shorthand  so  far  superior  to  others. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  desire  to  acquaint  themselves 
with  the  special  features  of  the  system,  before  or  without 
thoroughly  mastering  the  principles  from  the  text-book,  we 
explain  a  few  of  the  whys  and  wherefores  which  make  the 
New  Standard  System  of  Shorthand  what  it  is. 

The  New  Standard  Shorthand  Alphabet. — Goinsf  back 


INTRODUCTION.  11 

to  the  foundation  of  the  art,  we  find  that  the  first  question  to 
be  considered  is  the  arranging  of  the  alphabet  and  in  adapting 
it  to  the  general  plan  which  is  to  follow,  so  as  to  naturally 
write  language  legibly,  easily  and  rapidly.  As  has  already 
been  stated,  our  alphabet  was  constructed  so  as  to  utilize  each 
character  where  it  would  best  do  the  work  required  of  it  in 
writing.  There  are  certain  characters  which  are  exceedingly 
valuable  in  the  beginning  of  words,  but  which,  on  account  of 
their  form,  are  worthless  in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of 
outlines.  This  fact,  however,  does  not  at  all  embarrass  or 
hinder  a  perfect  working  of  the  material  at  hand,  for  there  are 
certain  sounds  in  the  language  which  occur  very  frequently 
initially,  but  which  rarely  occur  medially  or  finally.  The 
reverse  of  this  is  also  true.  Certain  characters  are  valuable  in 
the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  outlines  which  are  almost  useless 
in  the  beginning  of  words,  and  any  system  which  pretends  to 
have  a  practical  foundation  cannot  afford  to  disregard  these 
existing  conditions.  And  no  less  important  is  the  fact  that 
in  the  English  language  certain  sounds  follow  each  other  with 
great  frequency,  while  there  are  other  sounds  which  rarely, 
and  some  never,  occur  together.  This  fact  must  also  be  taken 
into  consideration  in  the  formation  of  the  alphabet  before 
any  claim  to  practicability  can  be  made.  That  such  points 
were  not  considered  in  the  construction  of  the  old  alphabet 
is  apparent  to  any  one  and  needs  no  argument  for  proof.  By 
taking  cognizance  of  these  existing  condition,-  the  New 
Standard  System  of  Shorthand  avoids  all  of  the  miserable 
combinations  which  occur  in  the  old  systems,  and  is  in  no 
case  compelled  to  devise  special  hooks  or  other  expedients 
for  the  purpose  of  avoiding  impractical  combinations. 

The  other  special  features  obtained  in  our  Standard  Short- 
hand Alphabet  are —  First,  the  alphabet  is  composed  entirely 
of   simple    characters.      There    are    absolutely    no    complex 


12  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

Strokes  employed  either  for  the  consonants  or  the  vowels. 
This  feature  enables  us  to  treat  all  characters  alike  and  write 
with  the  utmost  degree  of  simplicity.  Second,  each  sound  is 
represented  by  one  simple  character,  there  being  no  optional 
forms  whatever.  This  is  of  great  assistance  in  writing. 
There  can  be  but  one  way  to  express  the  sounds  desired  and 
hence  there  is  no  hesitating  in  writing  as  where  a  selection 
must  be  made  between  different  characters.  Third,  our 
alphabet  is  composed  of  characters  which  are  all  of  one 
length.  The  vowels  are  represented  by  circles  and  loops  and 
the  consonants  by  strokes  of  an  equal  degree  of  length.  This 
methodical  arrangement  has  a  threefold  advantage.  It  pro- 
duces the  utmost  simplicity  in  writing  and  ease  in  learning. 
It  secures  perfect  harmony  in  the  application  of  principles,  as 
all  characters  can  be  treated  alike.  It  enables  the  writer  to 
join  vowels  with  consonants  in  all  conceivable  combinations, 
and  to  make  as  free  a  use  of  one  as  of  the  other. 

Connective  Vowels. —  The  great  difficulty  experienced  by- 
all  systems  of  shorthand  has  been  to  write  language  in  full 
and  yet  obtain  a  sufficient  brevity  for  the  recording  of  speech 
as  rapidly  as  it  is  spoken.  This  great  difficulty  led  authors 
of  former  times  to  represent  the  vowels  by  disjoined  dots  and 
dashes,  which  were  inserted  after  the  words  were  written, 
providing  the  writer  had  sufficient  time  to  do  so.  This, 
however,  was  by  no  means  possible  in  reporting  a  speaker, 
and  as  a  result  the  writing  was  done  largely  with  consonant 
outlines.  Such  outlines  are  often  sufficiently  legible,  when 
there  are  no  initial  vowels  and  the  consonants  form  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  word,  but,  to  practice  such  a  principle  of 
omissions  throughout  renders  the  larger  part  of  the  writing 
totally  unintelligible.  As  a  result  of  this  practice,  the  old 
systems  represent  many  words  by  the  same  consonant  outline, 
and  the  reader  must  trust  to  the  context  for  a  correct  render- 


INTRODUCTION.  13 

ing  of  the  outline  in  each  particular  instance.  There  are 
numerous  cases  in  these  systems  where  one  outline  is  used  to 
represent  from  ten  to  forty   different  words. 

In  New  Standard  Shorthand,  the  circles  and  loops  are 
utilized  solely  in  representing  the  different  vowel  sounds,  and 
these  are  always  written  with  the  consonants  without  lifting 
the  pen,  whether  occurring  initially,  medially  or  finally. 
The  vowels  being  represented  by  circles  and  loops  renders  it 
possible  to  join  them  in  all  cases  with  the  utmost  freedom,  and 
being  composed  of  a  distinct  set  of  characters  they  are  subject 
to  certain  general  rules  of  contracting  which,  together  with 
other  new  powers  of  contraction,  makes  the  writing  of  New 
Standard  Shorthand  briefer  than  the  old  systems  which  are 
compelled  to  omit  most  of  the  vowels.  Therefore,  since  this 
system  writes  vowels  as  freely  as  consonants  there  can  be  no 
conflicting  of  words  in  reading.  Only  words  which  are  pro- 
nounced alike  can  be  written  alike. 

The  Disuse  of  Positions. — The  method  employed  in  the. 
old  systems  of  representing  the  vowels  by  means  of  detached 
dots  and  dashes  and  omitting  them  in  actual  work,  rendered 
the  writing  of  these  systems  so  illegible  that  a  method  of 
expressing  the  vowels  by  positions  was  also  adopted.  Thus 
consonant  characters  were  written  above  the  base  line,  on  the 
line,  or  below  the  line,  and  in  each  case  as  many  as  four  or 
five  vowel  sounds  were  understood  either  to  precede  or  follow 
the  consonant  character,  and  the  reader  was  obliged  to 
decipher  the  word,  trying  this  and  that  sound  until  a  word 
was  made  that  seemed  to  fill  the  place.  As  but  one  vowel 
sound  could  be  expressed  by  any  position,  other  vowels  when 
needed  had  to  be  inserted  by  the  adding  of  dots  or  dashes,  as 
before.  This  imperfect  method  of  writing  is  employed  to 
this  day  by  all  the  Pitmanic  systems,  and  is  of  the  greatest 
hindrance  to  easy  learning,  rapid  writing  and  accurate  reading. 


14  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

In  the  New  Standard  System  of  Shorthand  the  vowels  are 
always  united  with  the  consonants  and  no  positions  are  em- 
ployed in  any  way.  Words  are  written  in  the  same  manner 
as  in  longhand,  by  simply  uniting  the  letters  or  characters  in 
their  natural  order  of  occurrence.  In  many  cases  words  can 
be  written  more  rapidly  by  the  use  of  vowels  than  could  be 
done  without  them.  The  reason  of  this  being  that,  since  the 
vowels  are  all  composed  of  either  circles  or  loops,  the  con- 
sonant characters  can  be  united  easier  by  throwing  in  a  circle 
or  loop  than  by  making  an  angle,  as  would  otherwise  be 
required.  The  advantage  derived  from  writing  words  in  this 
manner  and  without  reference  to  position  are  so  numerous  and 
apparent  that  we  need  not  take  the  time  to  rehearse  them. 

Contracting  Principles. — The  two  fundamental  con- 
tracting principles  of  shorthand  writing  are,  the  use  of  an 
alphabet  of  the  simplest  characters,  and  writing  words 
phonetically.  These  tw^o  main  principles  contract  the  writ- 
ing to  a  large  extent,  but  they  do  not  render  it  sufficiently 
brief  for  the  most  rapid  work,  and  recourse  is  had  to  modifying 
the  characters,  such  as  making  them  shorter  or  longer,  for  the 
purpose  of  expressing  certain  sounds,  thereby  securing  two 
sounds  and  perhaps  a  syllable  by  one  movement  of  the  pen. 
Such  contracting  principles  are  in  this  system  of  the  most 
simple  and  practical  nature  possible.  They  apply  to  all 
characters  alike  in  the  writing  of  words,  and  are  utilized  for 
such  purposes  as  will  handle  the  peculiar  structure  of  the 
English  language  in  the  best  possible  manner.  There  are  but 
four  main  principles,  besides  the  use  of  the  two  hooks,  and  as 
they  are  universal  in  their  application,  they  need  but  be  stated 
in  order  to  enable  one  to  remember  and  apply  them.  A  very 
notable  feature  of  the  system  is  that  long,  technical  words  are 
expressed  with  the  utmost  brevity.  The  reason  of  this  is  that 
in  the  majority  of  long  words  there  is  a  frequent  occurrence  of 


INTRODUCTION.  15 

certain  sounds,  and  in  the  construction  of  the  system  a  method 
of  expressing  such  combinations  was  provided  for  through  the 
main  contracting  principles. 

The  expressing  of  the  coalescents,  which  has  long  been  the 
stumbling  block  of  shorthand  systems,  is  accomplished  in  this 
system  by  the  application  of  the  main  principles,  and  their  use 
is  so  simple  and  natural  that  the  learner  seldom  realizes  that 
there  are  such  combinations;  while  in  all  other  systems  he 
must  be  constantly  drilled  upon  numerous  special  and  compli- 
cated methods  of  writing  them. 

The  Use  of  Hooks. — Practical  shorthand  writers  regard 
the  hook  as  one  of  the  most  valuable  means  of  expressing 
sounds.  No  appendage  can  be  formed  which  is  as  rapid  or 
legible.  The  hook  has  long  been  used  in  shorthand  systems, 
but  it  has  been  employed  as  a  means  of  covering  up  deficiencies 
and  avoiding  bad  combinations,  instead  of  as  a  fundamental 
principle  forming  a  part  of  the  general  plan. 

In  New  Standard  Shorthand  there  are  but  two  sizes  of  hooks 
employed,  a  small  hook  and  a  large  hook,  and  each  one  always 
expresses  the  same  sound  in  all  conceivable  combinations. 
The  hooks  are  as  distinct  and  never  failing  in  their  represen- 
tation as  the  characters  of  the  alphabet,  and  lying  at  the 
foundation  of  the  structure,  they  are  subject  to  the  application 
of  general  principles  of  the  system.  In  the  third  lesson  the 
student  learns  the  entire  use  of  hooks,  and  thus  the  utmost 
degree  of  simplicity  is  secured  in  what  has  hitherto  been  a 
complicated  subject.  The  difficulty  attending  the  learning  of 
hooks  as  treated  in  other  systems,  and  especially  in  the 
Pitmanic,  is  only  realized  by  those  who  have  had  the  patience 
and  perseverance  to  wade  through  them.  In  the  Pitmanic 
systems  a  hook  is  employed  for  seven  different  purposes. 
That  is,  when  it  is  initial  it  represents  one  thing,  and  when 
final  another.     The  same  hook  also  expresses  one  sound  when 


16  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

turned  on  straight  characters,  but  an  entirely  different  value 
is  given  to  it  when  turned  on  curved  characters.  The  same  is 
true  with  the  direction  in  which  it  is  turned  or  written.  When 
written  on  one  side  of  a  character  the  value  given  to  it  is 
entirely  different  from  what  is  assigned  when  written  on  the 
opposite  side.  There  is  a  vast  difference  between  this  mixed 
up  state  of  affairs  and  the  simple,  and  even  more  judicious,  use 
that  is  made  of  hooks  in  the  New  Standard  System  of  Short- 
hand. The  student  in  this  system  is  saved  an  immense 
amount  of  time  and  labor  in  acquiring  their  use,  and  equally 
as  much  in  learning  to  read  from  their  practice. 

Expression  of  Syllables. — The  object  of  shorthand  is  to 
record  words  in  a  legible  manner  as  rapidly  as  they  are  spoken, 
and  in  order  to  accomplish  this  in  the  easiest  manner  it  is 
necessary  that  the  representation  should  correspond  as  nearly 
as  possible  with  the  manner  of  speech.  In  the  uttering  of 
words  in  speech  the  parts  most  distinctly  heard  are  syllables, 
and  one  of  the  most  legible  and  powerful  modes  of  shorthand 
representation  is  by  making  the  writing  a  counterpart  of  the 
speech. 

In  New  Standard  Shorthand  this  is  accomplished  to  a 
remarkable  extent,  and  in  writing,  many  of  the  most  commonly 
occurring  syllables  are  expressed  by  one  simple  stroke,  and  in 
many  cases  two  syllables  are  distinctly  represented  by  a  stroke 
and  an  appendage.  Where  such  a  plan  is  uniform,  as  is  the 
case  in  New  Standard  Shorthand,  the  manner  of  writing  one 
syllable  furnishes  a  key  to  hundreds  of  words  in  which  the 
same  syllable  occurs.  The  syllables  thus  formed  in  this  system 
are  those  which  are  made  naturally  by  the  application  of  the 
general  contracting  principles,  and  are  not,  as  in  many  systems, 
conventional  and  arbitrary  forms  which  must  be  committed  to 
memory  regardless  of  any  connection  with  the  principles  of 
the  system. 


INTRODUCTION.  17 

Regular  and  Analogous  Outlines, — Another  important 
element  in  the  representation  of  speech  is  the  securing  of 
regular  and  analogous  outlines.  Outlines  which  are  composed 
of  regular  and  uniform  characters  are  much  easier  to  write  and 
read  than  those  of  any  other  formation.  And  it  is  of  the 
utmost  importance  that  the  outlines  of  words  should  in 
appearance  or  mode  of  structure  conform  to  one  another  in 
proportion  to  the  likeness  of  their  pronunciation.  The  basis 
of  New  Standard  Shorthand  is  such  that  these  essential  points 
are  bound  to  be  subserved.  The  consonants  of  the  alphabet 
being  composed  of  simple  regular  characters  of  the  same 
length,  and  the  vowels  by  circles  and  loops,  the  writing  pro- 
duced cannot  be  otherwise  than  regular  and  uniform.  There 
being  but  one  form  of  characters  to  represent  the  several 
sounds  of  the  language,  and  these  being  written  upon  broad 
and  natural  principles,  the  outlines  produced  in  writing  cannot 
be  otherwise  than  analogous.  This  natural  producing  of 
regular,  uniform  outlines  and  forming  derivative  words  by 
simply  adding  to  the  primitive  form,  saves  the  learner  a  large 
amount  of  labor  of  head  and  hand. 

Disuse  of  Prefixes  and  Suffixes. —  It  has  been  very 
common  for  shorthand  authors  in  attempting  to  secure  brevity 
to  burden  their  systems  with  detached  signs  to  express  prefixes 
and  suffices.  Of  course  a  certain  amount  of  brevity  must  be 
obtained,  and  where  material  has  been  wasted,  as  is  the  case 
in  the  majority  of  systems,  the  method  of  arbitrarily  repre- 
senting prefixes  and  suffixes  by  detached  signs  is  one  way  to 
patch  up  the  weakly  structure,  but  it  is  certainly  a  very  poor 
way.  Every  detached  prefix  or  suffix  not  only  necessitates  a 
pen-lifting,  which  is  acknowledged  to  be  equal  to  at  least  one 
pen-stroke,  but  it  requires  a  special  mental  effort  to  separate 
the  detached  part  from  the  rest  of  the  word  and  write  its 
proper  sign    and  the  proper  relative  position.     The  structure 


18  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

of  New  Standard  Shorthand  is  such  that  it  will  naturally  write 
all  combinations  without  resorting  to  detached  signs,  and  thus 
the  writer  is  again  saved  the  trouble  of  mastering  what  has 
heretofore  been  an  extremely  difficult  subject. 

Ease  of  Phrase-writing. — Since  this  system  makes  the 
most  frequent  use  of  those  characters  which  are  easiest  in 
formation  and  writes  in  one  continuous  line  without  the  use 
of  any  positions,  words  can  be  joined  together  as  phrases  with 
the  utmost  freedom.  While  there  are  no  obstructions  to 
phrasing  in  this  system,  as  in  others  where  positions  are 
employed,  yet  we  do  not  believe  "in  running  phrase  wild," 
and  "  stringing  words  together,"  as  some  systems  attempt  to 
do.  To  join  small  words  which  are  continually  occurring, 
however,  is  a  most  valuable  method  of  accelerating  the  speed 
of  writing,  and  where  proper  provisions  have  been  made  in 
the  construction  of  the  system  for  such  practice  it  is  even  an 
aid  to  rapid  reading. 

Harmony  of  Parts. — It  is  the  complete  adaptation  of  all 
the  parts  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  object  sought  that 
measures  the  success  of  any  system  or  combination  of  things. 
No  system,  however  meritorious  in  some  directions,  is  all  that 
it  could  be  or  should  be  without  perfect  harmony  existing 
between  all  the  component  parts.  In  the  construction  of 
New  Standard  Shorthand  a  definite  and  thoroughly  practical 
plan  was  followed  and  each  component  part  was  made  to  do 
its  special  work  in  the  best  possible  manner,  and  at  the  same 
time  subserve  all  the  other  parts  in  the  accomplishment  of 
the  great  purpose  of  the  system.  As  a  result  this  system  writes 
the  English  language  naturally,  legibly  and  briefly,  and  with- 
out the  many  detrimental  features  that  originated  in  former 
days,  and  which  have  unfortunately  been  largely  adhered  to  by 
the  authors  who  have  followed. 

Our  Former  Shorthand  Works. — The   author's  former 


INTRODUCTION.  19 

productions  on  the  subject  of  shorthand  have  been  well  received 
by  the  public.  They  were  the  fruits  of  our  best  etiorts  at  the 
time  of  their  publication,  and  through  the  chain  of  improve- 
ments adopted  in  them  was  gained  a  varied  and  valuable 
experience,  which  has  developed  upon  a  broader  plan 
•*  New  Standard  Shorthand."  This,  our  latest  work,  comes 
as  a  settled  standard,  in  which  every  writer  can  repose  with 
confidence  in  its  unchangeableness.  It  is  the  author's  ideal 
system,  allowing  for  human  imperfections,  and  while  we 
expect  to  be  progressive,  yet  the  plan  upon  which  it  is  con- 
structed is  broad  and  in  perfect  accord  with  what  leading 
shorthand  investigators  have  sought  for,  and  the  completeness 
of  the  structure  is  such  that  the  foundation  must  ever  remain 
the  same. 

In  the  production  of  this  work,  we  acknowledge  our  indebt- 
edness not  to  any  earthly  book  or  author,  but  to  the  great 
Author  and  Designer  of  Life,  who  has  sustained  our  life 
through  a  protracted  illness,  enabling  us  to  finish  this  work, 
and  whom  it  has  pleased  to  exceedingly  bless  our  humble  efforts. 

Charles  E.  McKee. 


CONSTITUTION 

Of  the    United  States  of  Anieriea. 


6      / 


\r-^ 


PRINCIPLES.  21 

DEFINITIONS. 

Phonetics  or  Phonology. — The  science  which  treats  of 
the  different  sounds  of  the   human  voice,  and  their  relations. 

Phonograph  or  Phonogram. — A  letter  or  symbol  repre- 
senting a  sound  in  writing. 

Phonography. — The  art  of  representing  spoken  sounds  by 
written  signs  ;  i.  e.,  by  phonographs. 

Stenography  or  Shorthand. — A  contracted  method  of 
writing. 

Note. — The  terms  Phonography  and  Shorthand  are  often  used  inter- 
changeably, but  there  is  a  distinction  which  should  be  recognized.  The 
word  Phonography  applies  to  any  method  of  writing  which  is  phonetic, 
and  does  not  necessarily  mean  brief  writing.  Stenography  or  Shorthand 
refers  to  any  method  of  brief  or  close  writing,  and  does  not  necessarily 
mean  phonetic  writing.  In  the  practice  of  the  art  of  Phonography,  it  is 
impossible  to  write  with  sufilicient  speed  and  express  all  the  sounds  in 
words,  and  hence  in  actual  work  we  all  write  Stenography  or  Shorthand, 
no  matter  how  much  we  worship  the  term  Phonography. 

Phrase. — A  number  of  words  written  together  without 
lifting  the  pen. 

Outline. — As  employed  in  Shorthand,  a  character  or 
characters  used  in  representing  a  word,  or  phrase. 

Cognate. — Allied  in  origin  ;  partaking  of  the  same  nature. 
Cognate  letters  are  those  which  are  similiar  in  sound,  as/,  b 
and  /,  d,  etc. 

Coalesce. — To  combine,  to  unite  in  harmony.  In  short- 
hand consonants  coming  together,  as/r  in  pray,  spr  in  spray, 
are  said  to  coalesce,  and  are  called  the  coalescents. 

Context. — The  connected  structure  of  a  sentence  or 
sentences,  especially  the  parts  of  a  sentence  preceding  and 
following  a  word  or  phrase. 


22  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  J. 


THE  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET. 

Since  it  is  necessary  that  shorthand  writing  should  be  very- 
brief,  we  begin  with  the  alphabet  and  employ  the  simplest 
signs  possible  to  represent  the  sounds  of  the  language.  The 
stroke  characters  are  so  classified  as  to  indicate  the  direction 
in  which  they  should  be  written. 


L  ^/>wa  rd 


Dowmuard 


zh  I  ch 


f  ■"  *'  7i  y 

J      Backward  /  /  /^  J  J 

Another  fundamental  principle,  whereiby  shorthand  is  made 
brief,  is  in  writing  according  to  sound.  There  are,  however, 
more  sounds  in  our  language  than  the  twenty-six  represented 
in  longhand,  and,  therefore,  we  employ  more  characters  or 
letters  than  are  used  in  the  ordinary  Roman  alphabet.  The 
vowel  sounds  are  all  represented  by  circles  and  loops.  There 
are  three  sizes  of  circles  and  two  of  loops,  thus: 

.,,      ,  A  j:  r  O  V 

lo-U'ds  O  O  o  ^  (^ 

The  various  sounds  of  each  vowel  are  represented  by  slight 
modifications  of  the  same  character,  as  shown  at  the  bottom 
of  the  following  page. 

Note  — The  learner  should  now  copy  the  characters  given  above,  tak- 
ing jmins  to  form  them  accurately,  and  to  write  them  in  the  proper 
direction. 


THE  23 

STANDARD  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET 


Consonants 

T 

D 

r 

B 

\ 

by 

K 

C 

tie 

die 

cane 

gnir. 

F 

T" 

Ch 

J 

Q 

Th 

/ 

/ 

^ 

/an 

van 

each 

ed^-e 

quick 

thick 

N 

M 

S 

Z 

R 

L 

nun 

inutn 

seal 

zeal 

ray 

lay 

Sh  Zh  ing  H  V 

^  ^        ^  J  J 

ash  azure  sm^  he  J'^ 

ir  Wh 

or      ^  ^        o.       (y 

Voivels 


Q 

aid 

-o 
each 

ice 

old 

a 

e 

T 

O 

It 

o 

O 

o 

^ 

^ 

add 

ebb 

is 

odd 

MS 

aw 

eu 

oy 

Oil 

OO 

0 

O 

o   . 

(7 

^ 

saw 

new 

Copyriyht 

.  1801 

toy 
,  \>s  I.'.  E.  IKKrt. 

now 

onzt 

2-i  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

STANDARD  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET  IN  A,  B,  C  ORDER. 

While  practicing  the  alphabet,  the  student  should  observe 
the  likeness  of  sound  existing  between  the  light  characters  and 
the  shaded  characters.  For  example,  the/ and  ^  are  very- 
similar  in  sound,  and  are  represented  by  strokes  which  are 
similar,  the  light  stroke  representing  the  light  sound,  and  the 
heavy  stroke  representing  the  heavy  sound.  Letters  which 
are  allied,  as  p  and  b,  are  called  cognate  letters,  and  the 
alphabet  is  almost  entirely  composed  of  pairs  of  this  kind. 

It  is  very  important  that  the  learner  should  understand  the 
difference  between  the  formation  of  they^and  v  and  the  k  and 
g.  By  reference  to  longhand  writing,  it  will  be  seen  that  all 
strokes  made  upward  slant  more  than  those  which  are  made 
downward. 

Therefore,  as  the  k  and^  are  always  written  upwards,  they 
will  necessarily  slant  more  than  the/ and  v,  which  are  always 
written  downwards. 

Note. — Since  words  are  written  according  to  sound  in  shorthand,  we 
have  no  use  for  a  character  to  represent  c  excepting  in  the  writing  of 
initials  in  proper  names.  Hard  c,  as  \ncat,  always  has  the  sound  of /•, 
while  soft  C,  as  in  cent,  always  has  the  sound  of  5.  When  occasion  re- 
quires a  ^  in  writing  initials  of  proper  names,  it  is  expressed  by  the  char- 
acter for  s,  with  a  dot  alongside. 

The  letter  x  represents  the  sounds  eks,  but  for  the  sake  of  brevity,  it 
is  represented  in  shorthand  by  a  dot  when  occurring  initially,  instead  of 
writing  the  different  letters  of  which  it  is  composed. 

In  writing  with  a  pen  it  is  necessary  to  turn  it  a  trifle  in  order  to  shade 
the^.  The  k,  ^  and  q  must  always  be  written  upwards,  but  such  pro- 
visions have  been  made  in  the  system  that  it  is  not  absolutely  necessary 
to  shade  the  g^. 


STANDARD  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET     25 

in  the  a,   b,  c,   order. 
A  B  C  D  E  F  G 


n        .  I  J 


A'  L  j\r  X 


p 


R  S 


T 


u 


V 

/ 


7Vi  Ch  Sk 


Zh  IVJi  Ing 


IVRITJNG     EXERCISE. 

II       ■// 


OO  OO  oo  (p     ^  ^  ^ 


/7       /?  (y         O 

Copyn'jht.  18!ll,  l;j  C.  E.  McKce. 


20  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


DIRECTIONS   TO   THE    STUDENT. 

Materials. — Upon  commencing  the  study  of  shorthand, 
the  student  should  provide  himself  with  a  good  note-book 
and  a  pen  or  pencil  perfectly  adapted  to  the  hand.  Since  the 
New  Standard  Shorthand  is  written  without  regard  to  positions, 
it  is  immaterial  whether  the  paper  be  ruled  or  not.  If  ruled, 
however,  the  lines  should  be  light  and  either  red  or  blue,  so  as 
not  to  detract  from  the  appearance  of  the  shorthand  writing. 

As  to  the  use  of  a  pen  or  pencil,  we  would  strongly  urge  the 
use  of  a  good  fountain  pen.  Writing  can  be  executed  more 
neatly  and  legibly  with  a  pen  than  with  a  pencil,  and 
is  more  durable.  There  are,  however,  exceptions  to  all 
rules,  and  occasionally  \ye  find  persons  who  can  pi  educe 
better  writing  with  a  pencil  than  with  a  pen.  Those  who  use 
pencils  should  keep  on  hand  a  number  neatly  sharpened  which 
are  well  suited  to  the  hand  and  paper. 

Manner  of  Holding  the  Pen.  —  The  pen  should  be 
held  the  same  as  in  writing  longhand,  except  that  the 
holder  need  not  point  over  the  shoulder,  but  can  be  permitted 
to  point  on  a  line  with  the  forearm.  When  the  pen  is  so  held 
as  to  shade  the  letter  b  with  the  utmost  freedom,  it  is  then  in 
the  best  position  for  executing  any  of  the  shorthand  characters. 
Some  writers  hold  the  i)en  between  the  first  and  second 
fingers,  and  while  this  is  not  quite  so  free  for  general  use,  yet 
it  is  very  useful  as  a  means  of  changing  and  resting  the  hand 
when  the  work  is  ])rolonged  to  many  hours. 


PRINCIPLES.  27 

Formation  of  Characters.  —  In  the  formation  of  short- 
hand characters,  care  should  be  taken  to  make  them  all  of  a 
uniform  length.  Each  character  should  be  formed  easily  and 
naturally,  and  without  forcing  the  hand  in  its  execution.  The 
shaded  characters  should  be  simply  enough  heavier  than  the 
light  ones  to  distinguish  them,  and  the  learner  will  find  that 
in  actual  work  many  shades  can  be  omitted  and  the  writing 
still  remain  perfectly  legible. 

How  TO  Learn  Shorthand.  —  Begin  the  study  with  the 
firm  resolve  \.o  practice  and  persevere  and  the  battle  is  half 
won . 

In  order  that  each  lesson  may  be  thoroughly  mastered,  the 
following  course  should  be  pursued  :  First,  read  over  the 
explanation  of  the  lesson,  carefully  referring  to  the  shorthand 
plate  on  the  opposite  page  for  illustrations  as  you  go  along. 
Second,  copy  the  shorthand  plate  of  characters  into  your 
note-book,  pronouncing  each  word  as  you  write  its  outline. 
Third,  write  the  plate  of  characters  from  dictation  without 
referring  to  the  book ;  and,  fourth,  read  back  the  words 
from  your  shorthand  notes,  while  the  one  who  dictated  them 
observes  that  you  read  correctly.  / 

Note.  —  If  you  do  not  have  a  teacher  to  read  for  you  and  correct  your 
work,  before  taking  the  third  step  you  can  write  a  key  to  the  shorthand 
plate  in  longhand,  and  then  anyone  can  dictate  the  lesson  to  you  from  the 
longhand  key. 

Each  lesson  should  be  repeatedly  written  from  dictation  until  every 
word  in  it  can  be  written  without  hesitation. 


28  NEW     STANDARD     SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  2. 


COMBINATIONS. 

In  this  system  all  letters  are  combined  in  their  natural  order 
without  lifting  the  pen.  Since  consonants  are  generally  fol- 
lowed by  vowels,  the  connections  are  made  largely  by  the  use 
of  circles  and  loops. 

The  illustrations  to  the  right  show  that  the  circles  and  loops 
are  turned  on  other  characters  with  a  continuous  movement. 
They  are  turned  on  the  inside  of  curves,  but  on  straight  lines 
there  are  two  sides  on  which  they  could  be  turned,  and  the 
following  rule  should  be  followed  : 

Circles  and  loops  are  turned  on  all  straight  strokes  with  a 
movement  turning  to  the  right,  the  same  as  that  described  by 
the  hands  of  a  clock.     See  lines  3,  4  and  11. 

Line  4  on  the  following  page  shows  how  a  distinction  is 
made  between  the  long  vowel  and  the  short  vowel  sounds. 
In  actual  work,  however,  such  distinctions  are  seldom  made, 
and  in  reading  the  remainder  of  the  following  plate,  the 
student  may  pronounce  each  word  regardless  of  either  short 
or  long  vowels,  as  each  outline  will,  as  a  rule,  make  but  the 
one  word. 

Note.  —  In  practicing  tliis  lesson,  the  learner  should  be  particular  to 
form  the  circles  as  nearly  round  as  possible,  and  to  make  the  loops  long 
and  narrow.  Let  it  be  a  rule  from  now  on  that  you  will  never  write  a 
word  in  shorthand  that  is  not  correctly  formed  and  perfectly  legible.  The 
circle  for  a  should  be  written  as  large  as  in  the  copy,  while  the  circles  for 
e  and  i  can  be  made  nearly  alike,  as  they  form  words  in  writing  which 
seldom  conflict. 


COMBLKA  TIONS. 


29 


say 

1  -.^ 

may 


3      cr 


add 

G 


eat 


cr 


sigh 

9 


my 


am 

6"^ 


oath 


jrtZf 


lis  out 


/ 


•    c-x      ^      cr^ 


■-_o 


'^ 


~^ 


cr 


<  / 


N-^    V     V^ 


^ 


Coi^ynght.  1801,  l.y  C   E.  McSe, 


30  NEW    STANDARD     SHORTHAND. 

PHOxNETIC  SPELLING. 

In  writing  shorthand,  all  words  are  written  as  pronounced, 
and  no  attention  whatever  is  paid  to  the  common  English 
spelling.  Most  words  are  made  shorter  by  being  spelled 
phonetically,  and  as  this  is  the  most  natural  and  easy  method 
conceivable,  it  is  of  vast  importance  to  the  art  of  shorthand 
writing. 

It  would  be  a  great  blessing  to  humanity  if  phonetic  spelling 
was  in  every-day  use.  Our  present  spelling  is  gradually 
changing  to  the  phonetic,  and  we  hope  the  day  is  not  far  dis- 
tant when  our  language  will  be  written  as  spoken. 

The  following  selected  words  will  train  the  learner  to  a 
correct  understanding  of  the  real  sounds  contained  in  words 
which  are  commonly  spelled  at  variance  to  the  rule  of 
phonetic  spelling  : 

Rule.  —  Spell  all  words  as  pronounced. 

a.  bread  bred,  dead  ded,  {ea.r/er,  earth  erl/i,  boat  l>ol. 

b.  dumb  dum,  climb   A'l/m,  doubt  doi/l,   debt  del. 

c.  scent  senl,  science  slens,  check  e/ie^,  quick  ^wlk. 
e.  heart  /larl,  same  sam,  write  rll,  fine  yf«,  awe  a. 
g.  gnash  7ias/i,  resign  rezln,  (ore'ign /orln,  feign/an. 
h.  ghost  ^^osl,  honest  onesl,  rhetoric  reioi-ik,  herb  erb. 

i.  field /<•///,  hail  hal,  seize  sez,  saint  jrtf«/,  lien  Icn. 

k.  know  no,  knife  nif,  knight  nit,  knock  nok,  knave  nav. 

\.  \yc\{  haf,  walk  zvak,  would  witd,    calm /Cv?;;/,  talk  tak. 

n.  kiln  kil,  hymn  him,    column  kolum,  condemn  kondem. 

o.  people /r//,  broad  brad,  coui)le /'////,  ])igeon ///>/. 


PRINCIPLES.  31 

p.  corps  kor,  cupboard  kubrd,  psalm  sam,  raspberry 
razberi. 

s.     island  Hand,    isle  //,  viscount  vikoiint,    aisle  il. 

t.     match  much,  latch  lach,  depot  depo,  often  ofn. 

u.     guide,  ^/V/,  guard  ^^'^r^^Z,  source  i'(5'ri-,  guinea  ^/«d!. 

w.     whole  hoi,  whom  hom,  owe  o,  sword  sord,  wrong  rong. 

y.     pray  J>?'a,    they  t/ia,  delay  de/a,   convey  konva. 

use  I.      phrase /rrtiz,    phlegm  y?^;«,    laugh  laf,  rough  ruf. 

use  j.      gemjejn,  Gtorge.  Jorj,  ]\xdge.Juj,  surgeon  surjn. 

use  a.      feign yi?«,    reign,  ran,  weigh  wa,  eight  at. 

use  u.     flewy?//,  knew  ;7z^,  blew  bhi,  lieu  ///-,  ityn  fu. 

use  sh.  sure  j-/z«r,  ocean  oshn,  motion  moshn,  machine 
inashen. 


32  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

COMBINATIONS   CONTINUED. 

In  the  preceding  lesson  the  student  was  told  to  turn  circles 
and  loops,  when  joined  to  straight  lines,  to  the  right;  that  is, 
in  the  direction  in  which  the  hands  of  a  clock  move.  When 
circles  or  loops  occur  between  two  strokes,  as  shown  in  line  i 
on  the  following  page,  they  can  be  turned  in  whichever 
direction  is  most  convenient  for  the  writer. 

Line  8  on  the  following  page  contains  words  ending  in  ing. 
The  termination  ing  is  always  expressed  by  the  ng  character. 

The  loops  can  be  joined  in  a  pendant  manner  when  occurring 
between  two  straight  strokes,  as  shown  in  line  9. 

Lines  11  and  12  on  the  following  page  contain  words 
beginning  with  w,  and  line  13,  words  beginning  with  wh. 
The  iv  is  indicated  by  beginning  the  line  which  forms  the 
vowel  across  the  stroke  on  which  it  is  turned ;  or  in  other 
words,  it  is  simply  the  last  part  of  the  w  character  that  is  used. 


REVIEW   QUESTIONS, 

In  what  way  docs  the  shorthand  alphabet  differ  from  the  h)nghand 
alphabet  ? 

Is  there  any  similarity  existing  between  letters  represented  by  light 
strokes  and  letters  represented  by  shaded  strokes  ? 

Why  is  it  that  more  characters  are  employed  in  the  sliorthand  aljihabet 
than  are  used  in  the  longhand  alphabet  ? 

How  are  the  strokes  representingy  and  V  known  from  those  represent- 
ing k  and.^  ?  Why  is  there  so  little  use  for  a  character  representing  c  in 
shorthand  writing  ?  How  are  the  vowels  united  with  the  consonant 
character  ?  In  what  direction  should  the  circles  and  loops  be  turned 
when  united  with  straight  lines  ?  When  is  it  allowable  to  turn  them  in 
the  other  direction  ?  How  should  the  vowel  U  be  written  in  the  word 
pup  ?     How  is  the  w  and  wh  written  when  beginning  a  word  ? 


tap 


COMBINA  TIONS; 

COXTINUED. 
tip  cap  keep 


33 


pave  teach 


> 


O — 0- 


T 


T 


-^        C^         (J^        ^L_^         6-> 


?(/^rt  payee  iota  poem 


^      -^    > 


kaolin  Ohio 


^      7^       ^        ^      d- 


^ 


Copyright,  1891,  bj  C.  E.  McKm. 


34  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  3. 


THE  HOOKS. 

A  small  hook  represents  s.  The  hook  is  turned  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  circles  and  loops,  by  turning  to  the  right  on 
all  straight  lines  and  on  the  inside  of  all  curves.  When  the 
hook  is  shaded  it  represents  the  sounds  of  s.  This  small  hook 
always  represents  s  or  s,  whether  it  occurs  at  the  beginning,  in 
the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  an  outline.  See  lines  i  to  7  on 
the  following  page. 

A  large  hook  turned  on  any  character  represents;/,  as  shown 
in  line  8.  When  this  hook  is  shaded  it  represents  ;n.  See  line 
10.  This  large  hook  always  represents  n  or  m,  no  matter 
where  it  occurs.  When  used  initially  the  n  hook  expresses  the 
syllables  m,  en  and  iin,  as  shown  in  line  11 ;  while  the  ;;/  hook 
expresses  the  syllables  im,  em  and  11m. 

In  practicing  this  lesson,  the  learner  should  take  special  care 
to  form  the  small  hooks  as  small  as  possible  and  the  large 
hooks  of  good  size.  There  should  always  be  such  a  vast 
difference  between  them  as  to  preclude  any  possibility  of  their 
conflicting  in  writing. 

To  one  accustomed  to  shorthand  writing,  hooks  are  extremely 
easy  of  formation.  They  should  be  formed  by  simply  allowing 
the  hand  to  turn  them  easily  and  naturally,  as  a  continuation 
of  the  character,  and  without  forcing  the  hand  or  checking  the 
motion  of  the  pen. 


REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 
For  what  is  a  small  hook  employed  ?  In  what  direction  is  it  turned? 
What  does  a  large  hook  represent?  What  syllable  or  syllables  are 
expressed  by  the  large  hook  initially  ?  What  does  the  large  hook  repre- 
sent when  shaded  ?  How  should  these  hooks  be  written  that  they  may 
always  be  legible  ? 


THE  HOOKS 


35 


stay 


2     stic/c 


^A 


sno'u  s/:y 


spy  slay  sl<no 

^        ^        ^ 


steal  stare  steam  stitch  start 


s    J/i?rt/6  Spare  speed  spoke  slam  skip 


"^ 


latin  beaten  mitten  taken  maiden  fatten 


demon  layman  famine  lemon  hitman        skocvman 


<^      "V:^      J-^      "-^^ 


^^    ^     n^    -:><_, 


/^ 


-  ^V~     ^       c^       ^       .rf 


1^ 


o         CTN       V        _^         -^-^ 


^ 


Cofyrifht.  1801.  bj  C.  E.  McEce. 


36  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

CONTRACTED  OUTLINES. 

Thus  far  the  shorthand  writing  has  been  made  brief  by  a 
simple  alphabet  and  phonetic  spelling.  Another  principle 
employed  whereby  it  is  made  briefer  is  by  representing  some 
of  the  most  commonly  occurring  words  by  the  leading  letter 
of  the  word. 

Since  spoken  English  is  largely  composed  of  certain  small 
words  which  occur  over  and  over,  this  method  of  abbreviation 
is,  when  judiciously  employed,  very  valuable.  These  common 
words  also  form  phrases  of  very  frequent  occurrence,  and  each 
word  is  so  represented  as  to  produce  a  legible  outline,  and  at 
the  same  time  one  that  will  join  in  phrases  with  the  utmost 
ease. 

It  is  sometimes  advantageous  to  represent  two  words  by  the 
same  outline,  as  in  the  case  of  me  and  my,  be  and  by,  which 
are  given  on  the  following  page.  Only  such  words  as  will 
not  give  rise  to  any  difficulty  in  reading,  however,  have  been 
represented  in  this  way,  and  this  system  never  so  expresses 
more  than  two  words. 

This  list  should  be  thoroughly  committed,  by  first  copying 
the  outlines  a  number  of  times  with  pen  or  pencil,  and  then 
writing  them  from  dictation.  The  sentences  which  follow 
will  show  the  practical  use  of  such  contractions. 


REVIEW   QUESTIONS. 

What  three  principles  have  thus  far  been  employed  to  render  shorthand 
writing  brief  ?  How  are  you  to  know  the  word  me  from  7>iy  in  reading 
shorthand  ?  In  what  diiection  is  the  r  written  in  the  words  or  and  ourf 
Why  is  it  more  perpendicular  than  the  r  in  the  word  are  ?  Would  you 
think  it  necessaiy  to  shade  the  letter^  in  the  word^i?  ?  Could  it  be  read 
as  any  other  word  than  go  if  not  shaded  ? 


CONTRACTED  OUTLINES. 


37 


the  that       I  you      a-and         as  is  zee         why 


to  do  no  me-y  so  was         thing        to-do 


of  have  <;o         question       which       judge      ptiblic  he-y 

/      /      /      /        I         I        \        \ 

will  are  or-our  he  young  'ivish 

SENTENCES. 


o 


c       ^ 


C        o 


^ 


^ 


\ 


/  ^      X 


\ 


^ 


1        o 


C  o 


/ 


O 


Copyright.  1801,  by  C.  E.  McKee. 

4522fi0 


yy  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  4. 


THE  HALVING  PRINCIPLE. 

Another  mode  of  contracting  shorthand  writing  is  by 
modifying  the  size  or  length  of  characters  for  the  purpose  of 
expressing  following  sounds.  In  this  system,  all  such  changes 
aie  of  the  simplest  nature  possible,  and  apply  to  all  the  char- 
acters of  the  alphabet  alike. 

The  stroke  characters  are  all  made  half  their  usual  length 
for  the  purpose  of  adding  a  following  r.  By  the  application 
of  this  principle,  all  of  the  r  coalescents  are  expressed  with 
one  stroke.  The  r  coalesces  with  /,  d,  p,  b,  k,  g,f,  th  and  sh, 
and  is  expressed  by  halving  these  letters,  as  shown  in  lines 
I  to  6. 

When  t  follows  other  letters  with  which  it  never  coalesces, 
as  in  hear,  near,  etc.,  the  r  can  be  expressed  also  by  halving, 
as  shown  in  line  6.  For  example,  the  word  tiear  when  written 
in  this  way  could  not  be  read  nre  instead  of  ner,  as  the  n  and 
r  never  come  together  as  coalescents. 

It  will,  perhaps,  be  of  assistance  to  the  learner  to  observe 
that  the  letters  with  which  r  coalesces  are  straight  lines,  except 
sh,  and  that  the  ;-  does  not  coalesce  with  the  curves. 


RKVIKW  QUESTIONS. 
When  a  character  is  made  half  its  usual  length,  what  letter  is  implied  ? 
In  the  word  hire,  how  do  you  know  that  the  r  comes  after  the  ?',  and  why 
could  it  not  be  read  //;/ ?  With  what  clnss  of  letters  does  ;•  coalesce,  with 
tlie  straight  lines  or  the  curves?  How  are  the  words  ivere  and  luhcre 
written  ?     What  is  meant  by  the  r  coalescents  ? 


.HALVIHG  PRINCIPI.E. 


39 


tray 


tree 


try 


pray 


pry 


trade                treat  prayed         trick  trim 
\                           /  _ 


cry 
train 


preacher 


traitor 
mere 


V 


V^       V_     N^ 


cracker  primer       trimmer        briefer 

sir  higher  hair  share 

-^  -^  y  \^ 


^'     ^  •       <f 


-^ 


; 

J., 


there       during-        for         I'^^y        great    church    proper      droad 
-  -  /  /  /^  I  \  \ 

nor  more         s~vore         large         here         year      'tcere   xvhere 


Cop'jriyhl,  1301, 1,^  C.  E.  McKco. 


40  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  5. 


LENGTHENING  PRINCIPLE. 

All  the  characters  of  the  alphabet  are  lengthened  for  the 
purpose  of  adding  a  following  /  or  d.  In  writing  such  words 
as  read,  need,  etc.,  where  a  vowel  intervenes,  the  first  con- 
sonant can  be  lengthened  and  vowel  placed  at  the  end,  as 
shown  on  lines  2,  3  and  4. 

As  a  rule,  no  difficulty  will  be  experienced  in  reading,  from 
allowing  either  z.  t  ox  d  to  be  added  by  lengthening.  Should 
there  occur  a  case  where  such  practice  would  allow  two  words 
to  conflict,  then  the  lengthening  principle  should  only  be 
permitted  to  express  the  letter  /,  and  the  word  containing 
the  d  should  be  written  out. 

This  lengthening  principle  is  also  applied  to  the  hooks, 
more  especially  the  large  hooks,  as  is  shown  in  line  8.  Where 
a  t  sound  follows  these  hooks,  generally  the  n  hook,  it  blends 
with  the  n  so  completely  that,  even  though  omitted  in  pro- 
nunciation, its  absence  is  not  very  noticeable.  This  being 
true,  it  will  be  apparent  that  such  words  will  be  perfectly 
legible,  even  though  the  writer  fail  to  elongate  the  hook 
sufficiently  to  show  the  added  /. 

In  words  XWo. acted,  ended,  etc.,  where  the  ed  expresses  the 
past  tense,  the  ed  can  be  expressed  by  superlengthening,  as 
shown  in  line  10. 


REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 
What  letters  are  expressed  by  the  lengthening  principle  ?  Should  two 
■words  conflict  from  allowing  either  /  or  a'  to  be  added,  how  can  they  be 
distinguished  ?  How  are  the  hooks  written  so  as  to  indicate  an  added  /  or 
d  ?  Can  the  re/  and  wh  characters  be  lengthened  or  enlarged  to  add 
tox  dy 


LENGTHENING  PRINCIPLE. 


41 


pint 


cast 


utd  paint  talked 


need  deed  seed  paid  read  suit 


patent  parent        payment     prominent      pretend        eminent 


^-^ ^ 


c — ^ 


did  said  not  tnight         -write  Jet  shotdd 


had  cotdd  hit  pitt      with  would  what 

^y       ./^      \^     \       n        r^         Cy 


Copi,ii:,lil,  liidi,  b^  C.  E.  McKee. 


42  MEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

HINTS  UPON  WRITING  SHORTHAND. 

In  order  to  write  shorthand  rapidly  and  legibly,  the  char- 
acters must  be  executed  easily  and  with  a  continuous  gliding 
movement.  The  pen  oi  pencil  must  be  held  lightly,  and  in 
writing  it  should  glide  over  the  paper  with  ease,  grace  and 
precision. 

It  should  be  the  aim  of  every  student  to  write  shorthand  at 
least  well,  if  not  expertly,  and  in  order  to  do  this  it  is  neces- 
sary for  the  student  to  practice  intelligently  and  perseveringly. 
Beginners  frequently  write  shorthand  in  an  awkward  manner, 
and  this  can  be  overcome  only  by  patient  practice,  directed 
by  a  thorough  understanding  of  the  requirement  15  of  the 
individual  case. 

The  student  should  follow  the  copies  given  in  each  lecson 
very  carefully,  observing  the  size,  slant,  etc.,  of  each  character 
and  the  distance  allowed  between  outlines.  The  outlines 
should  be  neither  scattered  nor  crowded,  and,  upon  finishing 
an  outline,  the  next  one  should  be  commenced  as  the  hand 
moves  onward  in  a  direct  line,  thus  aiming  to  loiie  no  time  or 
10  cause  no  useless  expenditure  of  effort.  Shaded  characters 
should  be  executed  with  one  sweep  of  the  pen  and  never  by 
retracing. 


^\■R^rl^'(■.  kxkrcise. 

The,  that,  I,  you,  and,  as,  is,  we,  why,  to,  do,  no,  me,  my,  was,  thing, of, 
have,  go,  question,  which,  judge,  public,  be, will,  are,  or,  he,  young, wish, 
there,  during,  for,  very,  great,  church,  proper,  broad,  nor,  more,  swore, 
large,  here,  year, were,  where,  did,  said,  not,  might, write,  let,  should,  had, 
could,  but,  put,  with,  would,  what. 


o 


SENTENCES 

for  practice  in  reading  and  wriiing 


43 


D 


\  > 


^ 


/9 


i^ 


/  3 


\-— X  ^   y  o  v 


O      3     / 


3 


Cy 


9     o 


^ 


15  O 


o 


/ 


>   ^  ^  ^^-  V 


44  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  G. 


MINUTING   PRINCIPLE. 

Since  there  are  no  tick  characters  in  the  alphabet,  the  stroke 
characters  can  all  be  made  into  minute  ticks,  and  this  is  done 
for  the  purpose  of  adding  a  following  /.  See  lines  i  and  2. 
This  principle  enables  us  to  express  all  of  the  /  coalescent 
combinations,  //,  bl,  kl,  gl,  and  fl,  by  simply  minuting  the 
character  which  precedes  the  /. 

When  pi  or  bl  follow  an  m  or  n,  as  in  line  8,  the  tick  rep- 
resenting the  //  or  bl  should  be  struck  backwards. 

These  minute  characters  should  never  become  confused 
with  the  half-length  characters.  When  any  character  is  ticked, 
it  should  be  made  as  minute  as  can  naturally  be  formed,  and 
as  there  is  no  danger  of  making  them  too  short,  there  can  be 
a  vast  difference  made  between  the  ticks  and  half-length 
strokes. 

In  writing  words  that  begin  with  tick  characters,  as  shown 
in  lines  5  and  6,  care  must  be  taken  to  make  the  ticks  per- 
fectly straight.  For  example,  in  the  word  plight,  if  the  pi  is 
written  carelessly  and  allowed  to  curve,  it  will  have  a  tendency 
to  present  the  appearance  of  a  a/  or  wh. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

For  what  purpose  are  characters  made  into  minute  ticks  ?  How  short 
should  the  tick  characters  be  made  ?  With  what  letters  does  the  /  coalesce  ? 
How  is //and  bl  written  when  they  follow  an  tn  ox  n  ?  What  word  is 
represented  by  a  minute  r  ?  What  is  represented  by  a  minute/  ?  How 
is  the  word  shall  written  ? 


MmUTINd  FRIKCIPLE. 


45 


/ad/e 


treble 


play 
h 

plight 


title  fable  cable  libel  able 

-^  O^  /^  X  ^ 


horrible  scribble 


X  c/ 


ply 

\ 

blame 


fy 

clip 


u. 


trijle, 


clay 
glad 


trickle         eiitial 


Jlotv 
split 


glee 
fleet 


~X) 


^7^» 


9- 


^ 


\         cx       —       \     - 


/ 


p^o/>/s       ride        gentlemen  shall         soul  mail 

\  r-  I  V  ^  _ 


Copi,,t.j/it,  1801,  bj  C.  K.  McKec- 


46  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  T. 


THE  REVERSING    PRINCIPLE. 

The  circles,  loops  and  hooks  have  heretofore  been  turned 
on  all  straight  strokes  in  a  direct  manner,  and,  therefore,  the 
reverse  or  opposite  side  of  such  characters  remain  unused. 

The  circles,  loops  and  hooks  are  now  united  with  strokes 
by  a  reverse  motion ;  that  is,  by  a  motion  contrary  to  the 
direction  described  by  the  hands  of  a  clock,  for  the  purpose 
of  adding  a  following  s  or  z  sound. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  rule  applies  whether  the  circles, 
loops  and  hooks  occur  initially  or  finally.  In  the  word  ascribe, 
which  is  the  third  word  in  line  5,  the  vowel  /  is  medial,  and 
as  was  stated  in  the  beginning,  when  the  circles  and  loops 
occur  in  the  middle  of  words,  they  can  be  turned  in  which- 
ever direction  is  easiest.  It  should  be  noticed,  however,  that 
when  two  straight  lines  running  in  the  same  direction  occur 
together,  the  easiest  way  to  turn  the  vowel  is  in  the  direct 
manner,  and,  therefore,  they  can  be  reversed  to  add  s  ox  s,  as 
is  shown  by  the  first  three  words  in  line  2. 

When  the  s  hook  is  reversed  it  adds  a  following  s,  thereby 
making  the  syllables  siis,  ses,  etc.,  as  shown  in  line  8. 

Line  10  contains  words  beginning  with  w  and  wh  followed 
by  vowels,  which  are  turned  in  a  reverse  manner  to  add  a 
following  s  ox  z  sound. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 
For  wliat  purpose  are  the  circles,  loops  and  hooks  written  in  a  reverse 
manner?     When  circles  and  loops  occur  in  the  middle  of  words,  does  it 
matter  in  which  way  they  are  turned?    What  syllables  are  formed  when  the 
J  liook  is  reversed  ? 


REVERSING  FRINCIPLE. 


47 


cfavs  those 


pass  case  these 

\o  ^         ^ 


taste 

_Q 


test 

n 


task 


trace  dress 


peace 


price 


4     \3  "o 


p     ^ 


O^  O^  CXV  "^^       oA 


mittens  kittens       pretence       importance     opens      diffeioice 

inspire  instead         install         inscribe        institute      instance 


C_ 


C 


C 


V.    %^    ^A 


"  u^     / 


\ 


b  \ 


J^  /       O      XD       / 


o 


/ 


\o  X 


Jesus  cases       possess      process  this 

\-        \.       — 


L     y 


Copiiriaht.  1801,  l>j  C.  E.  McKee.- 


48  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

CONTRACTED    WORDS. 

REVIEWED. 

Before  attempting  to  read  the  sentences  on  the  following 
page,  the  student  should  make  a  careful  study  of  the  list  of 
words  as  given  below.  This  list  contains  all  the  contracted 
words  which  have  thus  far  been  given,  and  also  all  extra  words 
which  are  represented  by  the  same  outline.  In  those  cases 
where  two  words  are  represented  by  the  same  outline  the  new 
word  which  is  now  introduced  for  the  first  time  is  printed  in 
italics. 

The,  that,  I,  you,  a-and,  as,  is,  wQ-wiy,  \vhy,  io-two,  do, 
no,  me-my,  so-society,  was,  ih.mg-think,  of,  hdiVQ-heavefi,  go- 
God,  question,  which- change,]\idgQ-just.  public-/?/^//>A, be-by, 
wWX-well,  are,  or-our,  he,  young-r^/",  wish-j/^i?,  there,  during, 
for,  very,  great,  church- charge,  proper-// ^^r/V,  hxodid-brought, 
nor,  more,  sviort-swear,  large,  here-^<!'r,  year,  were,  where, 
did,  said,  not-note,  might-made,  write-rig/if,  \e\.-ltght,  should, 
had,  con\d-good,  hut- bought,  put,  with,  would,  what,  rule, 
gentlemen,  shall,  sou\-sale,  mail,  people,  Jesus,  cases, 
possess,  process,  this-is. 

No  difficulty  should  be  experienced  from  the  two  words 
which  are  represented  by  the  same  outline,  as  they  have  been 
so  arranged  as  to  prevent  the  words  from  conflicting.  The 
sentences  on  the  opposite  page  will  show  to  some  extent  how 
easy  it  is  to  read  the  proper  word. 


SEKTEKCES. 

for  practice  in  reading  and  ii<riting. 


^^       ^ 


^       / 


/ 


^^  r- 


^ 


-  \ 


o 


/O 


/O 


11       c  V- 


12        (^ 


i^?' 


/9 


^  / 


49 


u      o 


50  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  8. 


SUBORDINATE  RULES. 

The  r  and  /  characters  are  written  in  an  upright  manner, 
for  the  purpose  of  adding  a  following  ch  or  j  sound,  as  shown 
in  lines  i  and  2. 

The  r  and  /  characters  are  shaded  for  the  purpose  of  adding 
the  sound  of  a  following  k  or  g,  as  shown  in  lines  3  and  4. 

The  ending  shun  is  indicated  after  a  circle  or  loop  by  allow- 
ing the  line  to  pass  over  the  stroke  on  which  the  vowel  is 
turned,  as  shown  in  lines  5  and  6.  The  sound  of  shun  is 
generally  preceded  by  a  vowel,  but  when  it  is  not,  as  in  the 
word  action,  the  shun  sound  is  indicated  by  a  small  downward 
curve,  as  shown  in  lines  7  and  8.  When  this  shun  character 
is  shaded  it  indicates  a  preceding  k  sound,  making  the  ending 
ekshun,  as  shown  in  lines  9  and  10. 

A  dot  is  employed  initially  to  represent  the  sounds  eks,  that 
is  X,  and  it  is  used  finally  to  represent  ly,  as  is  shown  in  lines 
1 1  and  1 2.  When  the  letter  x — that  is,  the  sounds  eks — occurs 
in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  a  word,  as  in  next,  the  .r  is 
written  out  as  eks. 


REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 
When  the  r  and  /  characters  are  written  in  an  upright  manner,  what 
letters  are  indicated  as  following?  Wlien  the  r  and  /  are  shaded,  what 
letters  are  indicated  as  following  ?  How  is  the  syllable  shtot  expressed 
after  s  vowel  ?  How  is  the  syllable  ekshitn  expressed  ?  What  does  a  dot 
indicat'j  before  an  outline  ?  What  does  it  indicate  at  the  end  of  an 
outline? 


SUBORDINATE  RULES. 


51 


torch  starch  original  indulge         coUc<;e        legend 


detection 


regulated  park  elector  collect 


recommend 


nation  passion  occupation  edition  nations 


^      Vo       ^-       <^ 


6  C IQ 


action  option  portion  intention  actions 


) 


6^ 

section  affection 


instruction 


»0       ^^ (  "^  or  '^  0-T3  or  (J-X 

expect  examine  expense  poorly  slowly 


Q_ 


o — & 


^  /^ 


?  ^ 


ric/i  legislate  remark  look -like 

{       )       r       -\ 

Coiiyright,  1801,  by  0.  E.  McKcc. 


52  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

CONTRACTED   OUTLINES. 

A  number  of  frequently-occurring  words  are  legibly  written 
by  the  use  of  a  stroke  and  hook.  On  the  following  page  is 
given  a  list  of  such  words,  and  although  they  could  be  easily 
written  out  in  full,  yet  they  should  always  be  written  in  the 
.manner  shown,  as  there  are  important  advantages  to  be  secured 
in  the  way  of  speed  when  so  written. 

Such  lists  of  words  must  be  so  learned  that  the  student  can 
write  them  properly  from  dictation  without  any  hesitancy,  and 
read  them  back  from  his  writing  with  an  equal  degree  of 
fluency. 

As  regards  the  formation  of  hooks,  there  is,  perhaps,  need 
of  a  little  explanation.  It  will  be  found  in  rapid  writing  that 
there  is  a  tendency  to  make  large  hooks  after  curves  and  small 
hooks  after  straight  lines.  The  hooks  must,  however,  be 
formed  according  to  their  proper  size,  no  matter  how  or  where 
they  occur.  The  small  hook  must  always  be  small,  and  the 
large  hook  must  always  be  large.  A  very  little  care  upon  the 
part  of  the  writer  will  overcome  the  tendency  above  men- 
tioned and  enable  him  to  make  at  all  times  and  places  just 
what  form  is  desired.  This  same  tendency  is  true  with  respect 
to  circles  and  loops.  They  are  apt  to  be  larger  after  curves 
than  after  straight  lines. 


REVIEW  EXERCISE. 
Write  the  outlines  for  the  following  words :     Way,  society,  think,  heaven, 
God,  change,  publish,  well,  our,  yet,  she,  property,  brought,  bought,  swear, 
her,  note,  made,  right,  light,  good,  sale. 


CORTRACTED  OUTLINES. 


53. 


then  time        doiie         soon  same        man       /liut         sho'iVit 

long  run        room       been      opinion      can        come     goieral 


turn  sivorn         crime  grand       bring 

s  — ^  ^O  /O  /^  \^ 

does  most  best         less  course  force  various 

ptirpose  seem  seen  suck  second       stand        spirit 

6  secure  strength  several 

■    ^  ^  ? 

SENTEKCES. 
'    —      3       o     — ^    —     "NX    o     —     ^     O' 


o      --^    — ^     o       — =       d —    / 
_J    ^^    y^     ^    y^      O      -J 


^  <~—o  ^    /  ^    <=—-   y   7 


»      '     J       >.      /      ]        O       ^'      ^      y     c^  X 


54  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  9. 


INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 

On  the  following  page  is  given  a  list  of  commonly-occurring 
syllables,  which  are  expressed  by  the  consonant  outline. 
These  syllables  are  as  legible  as  though  the  vowel  in  each  was 
written.  For  example,  the  letter  b  expresses  the  syllable  be, 
and  never  any  other,  and  as  consonants  are  always  followed 
by  vowels,  the  absence  of  the  vowel  implies  that  the  syllable 
be  is  expressed,  for  if  the  syllable  were  any  other  than  be  it 
would  be  written  in  full.  This  is  true  with  all  of  the  syllables. 
Only  those  given  in  the  following  plates  are  abbreviated,  all 
others  being  written  out  in  full. 

When  the  syllable  con  is  followed  by  a  /  or  ^  the  con  stroke 
is  lengthened  to  add  the  /  or  d,  as  shown  on  line  6 

When  the  syllable  con  is  followed  by  a  /-  or  ^  sound,  as  in 
congress,  the  n  hook  is  added  to  the  syllable  con  so  as  to 
facilitate  the  joining,  as  shown  on  line  7. 

The  syllables /<?r  and  pro  are  expressed  by  pr,  as  shown  on 
lines  9  and  10,  but  the  syllable /r<r  is  always  written  in  full. 

The  syllables  inul  and  7nal  are  expressed  by  a  minute  m,  as 
shown  on  line  12.  The  w  in  this  syllable  need  not  be  shaded, 
as  it  is  rather  short  to  shade,  and  can  be  read  as  no  other, 
since  the  n  is  never  made  minute  for  an  initial  syllable. 

The  syllable  sirk  can  be  written  by  beginning  with  the  s 
hook  or  with  the  stroke  s,  as  shown  on  line  14. 


INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 


55 


,e  \^ 


2     de 


e     cent 


? 


9 

per 

10 

pro 

11 

7tuir 
m  11  r 

mill 

inal 

13 

"'  con-m 
tin 

11     slrk 


\_ 


C  --x 


XL 


2 


""^x^     X      ^ 


<:  c  ^ 


56  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 

(Continued.) 

The  syllables  given  on  the  following  page  are  formed  by  tht 
use  of  the  consonants,  as  was  done  in  the  preceding  plate. 

The  syllable  self  is  expressed  by  a  small  s  hook  joined  in  an 
angular  manner,  as  shown  in  line  6.  The  consonant  sounds 
are  not  all  expressed  in  the  writing  of  this  syllable  self,  a/id 
it  is,  therefore,  an  exception  to  the  statement  that  all  the  con- 
sonant sounds  are  representedc 

The  syllables  seti,  sin,  sent  and  sim  are  always  written  with 
the  J  hook  turned  on  an  r;  or  ;;/,  as  shown  in  lines  9  and  10. 

The  syllables  sun  and  su.n  are  always  written  with  the  stroke 
J  and  a  large  hook,  as  is  shown  in  line  11.  The  syllable  san 
and  sa77i  are  also  written  in  this  manner. 

Although  in  some  instances  two  syllables  are  represented  in 
the  same  way,  yet  no  inconvenience  should  arise  from  this,  as 
the  syllables  are  such  as  will  not  form  conflicting  words. 

These  syllables  must  be  practiced  until  they  are  perfectly 
familiar,  and  until  it  becomes  natural  to  represent  them  in  the 
manner  here  shown,  in  whatever  connection  they  occur. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

How  is  the  syllable  con  written?  How  is  it  written  when  followed  by  a 
/tor  g  ?  ••  What  two  syllables  are  expressed  by  pr  ?  I  low  is  the  syllable 
pre  written  ?  What  is  the  difference  between  the  outlines  for  toiiier  and 
enter?  How  is  the  syllable  jc^  expressed  ?  How  are  all  words  begin 
ning  with  sin  or  sen  written  ? 


INITIAL  SYLLABLEl 

continued. 


57 


1     dis 


inter 
enter 


i  tender 


c~ 


5  trans 


6  se// 


7   snl/ 


8  stiper 


iem 
dem 


1^^^ 


~  pitii 


^O 


<o 


58 


NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  10. 


FINAL  SYLLABLES. 

The  final  syllables  which  are  given  on  the  following  page 
are  formed  by  the  use  of  simply  the  consonant  characters,  as 
was  done  in  the  case  of  the  initial  syllables.  In  the  syllables 
serve  and  ship,  however,  one  of  the  consonant  sounds  is 
omitted.  The  ending  ship  can  be  written  out  in  full  very 
easily,  but  as  the  sh  and  /  generally  carry  the  outline  rather 
low,  it  has  been  abbreviated  into  writing  the  sh,  which,  though 
most  legible  when  detached,  can  be  joined  to  the  preceding 
part  of  the  word. 

The  different  syllables  given  in  this  and  the  two  preceding 
plates  are  always  written  in  the  same  manner  as  has  been 
shown  by  the  illustrations.  These  syllables,  as  a  rule,  occur 
in  many  more  words  than  are  given  in  the  plates,  and  by 
understanding  their  use  each  syllable  can  be  written  in  its 
proper  manner  wherever  it  occurs. 

The  student  should  by  this  time  begin  to  read  somewhat  from 
sight.  That  is,  he  should  cease  spelling  words  out,  but  should 
remember  them  as  wholes,  and  read  as  one  reads  print  by 
simply  glancing  at  each  word.  The  student  should  persevere 
in  this  practice,  and  he  will  shortly  find  that  he  will  read 
shorthand  writing  as  naturally  and  easily  as  longhand.  In 
reading  print  or  longhand  we  frequently  read  words  that  are 
misspelled  without  noticing  the  error,  and  just  so  it  is  in  read- 
ing shorthand,  the  reader  who  reads  from  sight  frequently 
reads  words  that  are  badly  distorted,  or  are  not  written  just  as 
they  should  be,  without  noticing  the  bad  shape  of  the  outline 
or  the  slight  error  in  the  formation. 


FINAL  SYLLABLES. 


59 


'X 


1    aire 


cede 
side 


3   SI  si 


5  fori 


^    ^^    ^      f     1     VI 


7 


6  feet  7y^ 

7  pet  /^"^ 

8  s^cf-y    o     ^ 


11  ^^^i/ 


12    w^;//       CI. 


13    j/«)j 


o. 


^/ 


f  1  "^ 


^V       /^        o^ 


"   self 


/ 


T^     _5? 


go  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

CONSONANT  OUTLINES. 

The  student  has,  no  doubt,  observed  by  this  time  that  in 
certain  words  vowels  can  be  omitted  without  imparing  the 
legibility  of  the  writing.  On  the  following  page  is  given  a 
list  of  commonly-occurring  words  which  are  advantageously 
expressed  by  the  consonants  of  each  word. 

The  student  should  understand  that  while  the  vowels  are 
omitted  in  these  words,  yet  in  others  they  are  of  the  utmost 
importance.  As  a  rule,  initial  vowels  are  the  most  essential  to 
legibility,  and  they  should  seldom  be  omitted.  The  more 
important  any  vowel  is  in  sound  the  more  essential  it  is  that  it 
should  be  written.  In  such  words  as  obey,  essay,  poem,  iota, 
etc.,  the  vowels  are  the  life  of  the  word  and  without  them 
such  words  would  be  wholly  unintelligible. 

A  good  rule  for  the  student  to  follow  in  regard  to  the  use  of 
vowels  in  words  not  given  in  the  text-book  is,  never  to  omit  a 
vowel  sound  any  sooner  than  a  consonant  sound,  and  to  omit 
neither  excepting  when  the  word  will  be  perfectly  legible  with 
the  omission. 

Many  are  apt  to  suppose  that  legibility  in  shorthand 
depends  simply  upon  a  full  representation  of  the  sounds  of 
the  words,  but  this  is  a  great  mistake.  A  system  might  be 
so  formed,  as  some  are,  that  even  though  every  sound  is 
indicated  the  writing  is  not  as  legible  as  in  a  system  properly 
constructed  that  omits  some  of  the  sounds.  Legibility  in 
shorthand  depends  upon  the  writing  being  formed  from  regu- 
lar, uniform  alphabetic  characters  by  the  use  of  simple, 
universal  rules  which  results  in  producing  outlines  having  a 
characteristic  appearance  that  are  like  other  outlines  in 
proportion  to  their  likeness  of  pronunciation. 


CORSORANT  OUTLIHES  ^1 

OF  COMMON"  AVOEDS. 

1  assisi       among      amointi      America         balance  became      begin 

2  behind         beyond      bdief         believe        behveen  both       brother 

3  book  carpenter  chance  character  child  correspond 
■«  clerk  criminal  culture  danger  direct  develop  .disease 
5  duty          drunk        dwell      expense        experience  Jloioer      fact 

«  farther     find  first        fire        freawnt   friend       from      f^tture 


7  give-gave        goz>ern       health         help       half         hope       heard -hard 

8  loss  life       live       J.ord        mark       modern        material      moral 
a   member       move       much       murder       never     -nevertheless         noith 

-^     -7     -\     —    -y      -z^       — 

10  notes         number      one  only       part      person      policy         power 


w  plural -it y         political         possible         principle         profit  provide 

12  qualify      quarter         reason        race         receive     remember  result 

13  Spoke         secretary         sell       slavery         student        study  sudden 

14  success        thank           together          ivord         ivorth         icork  world 


62  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  11. 


COMMON  WORDS. 

On  the  following  page  is  given  a  list  of  commonly-occurring 
words  which  are  written  from  the  natural  application  of  the 
principles  which  have  preceded.  This  list  should  be  repeatedly 
written  until  each  outline  can  be  formed  correctly  without 
referring  to  the  copy. 

KEY   TO   COMMON   WORDS. 

I.  ask,  any,  all,  again,  against,  at,  able,  ah.  2.  before, 
because,  being,  better,  case,  cause,  careful.  3.  death,  deed- 
dead,  doubt,  doing,  effort,  even.  4.  ever,  earth,  entirely, 
fast,  found,  honest,  honor.  5.  who,  how,  whose,  house,  in, 
if,  choose,  law.  6.  kind,  last,  letter,  little,  love,  mind.  7.  men, 
man,  nature,  natural,  next,  nearly.  8.  offer,  office,  over, 
open,  on-own,  out,  old,  offices.  9.  pass-past,  present,  pleasant, 
practice,  price,  prices,  please.  10.  quick,  quit,  right-write, 
read,  rest,  real.  11.  scholar,  speaker,  sue,  suit,  south,  tell, 
tells.  12.  true-truth,  through,  thought,  them,  us-use,  used,' 
under.  13.  up,  upon,  vice-voice,  weeks,  west,  went,  while. 
14.,  when,  youth,  yes,  yes  sir,  yesterday,  ye. 

We  deem  it  important  for  the  student  to  write  every  word 
as  it  will  be  used  in  actual  work,  and  have,  therefore,  omitted 
the  dot  in  the  words  being,  through,  thought,  than  and  youth, 
on  the  following  page. 

The  letter  j  is  generally  written  downwards,  but  can  be 
written  uinvards  to  advantage  in  the  words  yes,  yes  sir,  yester- 
day, and  ye,  as  shown  in  line  14. 


1    o^ 


? 


COMMON  WORDS 


o 


63 


CX       O 


o 


/  /  / 


A^  K 


^6 


^~Z>' 


V^     ^ 


\D 


— D         -O 


c~ 


64  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

CONTRACTED   OUTLINES. 

REVIEWED. 

The  following  list  contains  a  review  of  all  the  contracted 
words  that  have  been  presented  since  our  last  recapitulation 
on  page  48.  Those  words  which  are  printed  in  italics  are 
represented  by  the  same  outline  as  the  word  preceding. 

Rich,  legislate,  remark,  look-like,  then  tha7i,  time,  done 
down,  soon  sun,  same  sofne,  man  many,  him,  shown,  long 
length,  run  ruin,  room,  been,  opinion,  cdiU  gone,  come  eame, 
general,  turn,  sworn,  crime  grand,  bring,  does,  most  must, 
best,  less,  course,  force,  various,  purpose,  seem,  seen  sign, 
such,  second,  stand,  spirit,  secure,  strength,  strong,  several 
saviour. 

SENTENCES. 

In  the  sentences  which  are  given  on  the  following  page  a 
few  words  have  been  conibined  into  phrases.  For  example, 
the  words  t/iat  and  which  are  united  on  line  i,  and  also  the 
words  do  and  not.  On  line  3  the  phrase  cannot  occurs.  On 
lines  4  and  6  the  phrase  is-as  occurs.  Many  more  words 
could  be  phrased,  but  these  few  examples  are  deemed  sufficient 
fur  the  present.  In  the  next  lesson  the  subject  of  phrasing  is 
thoroughly  explained. 

These  sentences  should  be  practiced  until  they  can  be 
written  without  any  hesitancy.  In  practicing  such  sentence 
exercises  the  student  should  aim  to  establish  an  easy  movement 
and  increase  his  speed  of  writing. 


SENTENCES. 

for  practice  in  'reading  and  -vrilin^. 


65 


.^     / 


3  O 

<4  O 

5  O 

C  O 

7  ^ 

8  / 


/ 


■o 


\ 


V.  — /. 


c     O 


^    /       V-      ?       ^       c      O 
—    /    ^\     3      - 
^     /     /9 


O 


6/     \ 


/ 


\     >. 


o 


V 


^o 


o 


-— ^ 


"D 


^ 


JS  — \  cs 


66  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  12. 


PHRASE   WRITING. 

Two  or  more  words  can  be  joined  together,  making  a  phrase, 
which  should  always  be  written  without  lifting  thejjen.  Only 
words  which  naturally  blend  together,  or  have  some  connec- 
tion, should  be  joined  in  writing. 

The  J-  hook  is  turned  on  other  characters  for  the  word  as, 
forming  such  phrases  as  as  well  as,  as  matiy  as,  etc.,  as  shown 
on  line  5.  The  word  /las  is  written  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  word  as,  the  context  always  indicating  which  word  is 
intended.  The  word  lu's  is  also  expressed  by  the  same  outline 
as  used  for  the  word  is. 

The  word  In  can  frequently  be  jihrased  to  advantage  by  the 
use  of  the  large  n  hook,  as  is  shown  in  the  third  outline  in 
line  14,  which  makes  the  phrase  In  which.  The  following 
phrase  is  in  such,  the  s  being  expressed  by  the  reversed  n  hook. 

The  extent  to  which  phrase  writing  should  be  carried  in 
shorthand  is  left  largely  with  each  writer.  Care  should 
always  be  taken,  however,  to  employ  phrases  only  where  they 
will  aid  in  writing,  and  be  of  no  hindrance  in  reading. 
There  is  practically  no  end  to  the  different  combinations  of 
words  that  could  be  formed,  but  only  those  which  are  of  com- 
mon occurrence,  and  composed  of  from  two  to  three  words, 
are  of  special  importance  to  the  writer. 

The  phrases  which  are  given  in  this  and  the  following  i)late 
are  of  the  most  practical  value,  and  no  student  should  stop 
short  of  employing  at  least  these  illustrations  in  his  writing. 


'     "  D 

2  are  \. —        /^ 

3  and        ^  ^ 


PHRASE  WRITIMQ. 


a!l 


as 
has 


6     le 


s       ^ 


67 


'O 


iT- 


Q?         O        9) 


/a 


"^  cT-  '^^ 


8    did 


9       /i^" 


/X 


10    had 

ts  ^ 

12      ^flT'^  /^—^ 

,3      /  "^ 


7 


V  7    /    /    ^    / 


14     in        '5     ^ 


Q_P       (T^ 


G8  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

PHRASE   WRITING. 

(Continued.) 

The  word  not  cz.n  be  added  to  stroke  characters  by  the  use 
of  the  large  n  hook,  as  shown  in  line  2.  This  method  of 
expressing  not  is  especially  valuable  in  the  phrase  couhi  fioi,  as 
the  n  stroke  would  not  join  easily. 

The  n  stroke  is  joined  to  other  characters  to  express  the 
words  on  and  own,  as  shown  in  line  3.  The  context  readily 
indicates  whether  the  word  on  or  own  should  be  read. 

The  words  there  and  ot/ier  can  both  be  written  with  the 
half-length  t/i,  as  shown  in  line  6,  since  the  context  will 
always  show  which  word  should  be  read. 

The  word  t/ie  can  be  phrased  with  any  character  by  a  slight 
retracing,  as  is  shown  in  line  8. 

The  tick  which  expresses  the  word  t/iat  is  always  written 
downwards  when  standing  alone,  but  in  phrases  it  is  sometimes 
written  upwards.  In  the  last  phrase  in  line  9,  which  is  that 
that,  the  first  that  is  struck  upwards,  so  that  the  phrase  will 
not  look  like  that  the,  which  is  the  last  phrase  in  line  8. 

When  the  word  your  is  joined  with  other  words  the  u  can 
be  omitted,  as  shown  in  line  11. 

Line  12  is  composed  of  phrases  in  which  the  connecting 
word  is  omitted,  such  as  by  and  by,  one  by  one,  etc. 

The  phrases  given  in  lines  13  and  14  are  of  somewhat" 
technical  formation,  and  as  they  are  of  frequent  occurrence 
the  student  should  commit  them  to  memory. 


1     me -my 


PHRASE  WRITING. 


continued. 


69 


2         )Wt 


their 
there 
other 


7     t/ian 


L 


8      the 


\  / 


a 


9      iJiat 


6 


10     yott 


"^     — ^ 


Z'    ^^^ 


^ 


M     yotir 


n      Nx 


^^       M 


in  the  on  the       of  the       as  the      is  the        and  in        7ias  leen 

«—---/  C.       D  ^  ^\ 

m  any       in  your      -who  are       in  this  action      not  leen       at  the  lime 


70  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

ADVICE  TO  THE  STUDENT. 

The  shorthand  writing  on  the  following  page  is  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  the  student  practice  in  shorthand  reading 
and  writing.  It  contains  words  of  instruction  which  every 
thoughtful  student  will  take  pains  to  follow.  Some  valuable 
hints  may  also  be  obtained  from  a  close  observation  of  the 
phrases  employed. 

The  student  has,  no  doubt,  by  this  time  observed  that  in 
order  to  thoroughly  master  a  principle  of  shorthand  it  is 
necessary  to  practice  it  over  many  times.  The  mere  theory 
of  shorthand  writing  can  be  learned  in  a  (ew  days'  time,  but 
in  order  to  become  proficient  in  its  use  much  practice  is 
required. 

The  student  should  aim  to  become  so  familiar  with  short- 
hand writing  as  to  enable  him  to  write  with  as  little  thought 
as  is  required  to  write  longhand.  When  such  familiarity 
is  gained  with  the  shorthand  outlines  writing  becomes  a 
great  pleasure. 

The  learner  should  also  observe  whether  in  his  individual 
case  it  is  easier  to  wn'^e  shorthand  than  to  read  it,  and  give 
special  attention  to  practice  in  that  direction  in  which  he  is 
most  deficient. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

What  is  meant  by  phrase  writing?  To  what  extent  should  phrase 
writing  be  employed  ?  How  is  the  phrase  cou/e/  not  written  ?  I  low  is  the 
word  the  phrased  ?  How  is  the  word  your  written  when  phrased  ?  How 
are  such  phrases  as  by  and  by  written  ?  How  are  the  phrases  in  the,  on  the 
and  of  the  written  ?  What  is  the  object  of  phrasing  ?  Which  is  the  more 
difficult,  to  ivrite  shorthand  or  to  read  shorthand  ? 


ADVICE  TO    THE  STUDENT. 


71 


\a 


/ 


V  \ 


%       O  O— 


O 


11  D  >L 

yi  O  X 

13  /7  . 

11  ^X 


? 


^ 


— ^ 


\ 


O 


cr^ 


^ 


O      /^      o 


<s^ 


U        •    x^      /^      ^> 


^■J  NEW     STANDARD     SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  13. 


FORMATION   OF   OUTLINES. 

Since  many  words  can  be  written  in  more  than  one  way.,  the 
question  often  arises  as  to  which  is  the  best  outhne  for  a  word. 
There  are  at  least  three  points  which  should  always  be  taken 
into  consideration  in  the  outlining  of  words.  They  are 
legibility,  simplicity  and  analogy.  That  form  of  outline 
should  be  selected  which  secures  these  three  essential  features 
in' their  highest  degree  of  perfection. 

The  words  given  on  the  following  page  are  mostly  of  pecu- 
liar formation,  and  will  serve  to  show  the  flexibility  of 
principles  rather  than  the  regular  application  of  rules. 

Line  i  illustrates  the  preserving  of  analogy.  Line  2 
contains  words  in  which  it  is  best  to  use  a  character  that  but 
apj^roximately  represents  the  sound.  Line  3  shows  the  large 
hook  used  initially,  which  is  elongated  to  add  the  following  / 
or  d.  Line  4  shows  how  one  straight  line  can  be  joined  with 
another  when  both  extend  in  the  same  direction.  Line  6 
contains  words  in  which  it  is  advantageous  to  reverse  a  circle 
or  hook  on  curved  strokes.  Line  7  shows  how  s  is  expressed 
after  w  or  wh,  that  is  by  slanting  the  7u  backwards,  or  writing 
it  in  an  upright  manner.  Line  8  contains  words  ending  in 
V  in  which  the  final  y  or  /sound  is  omitted.  Line  9  shows  that  h 
can  be  omitted  in  some  words  without  impairing  the  legibility. 

The  vowels  0  and  u  are  sometimes  omitted  when  they  occur 
between  two  stroke  characters,  as  is  shown  in  line  10.  The 
vowel  in  such  cases  can  be  readily  supplied  in  reading,  as  no 
other  vowels  are  omitted,  and  hence  the  absence  of  a  vowel 
implies  that  it  is  either  o  or  u. 


FORMA  TIDE  OF  0  UTLINES.  73 


1  similar  similarity         dissimilar         contimte  continuance 


i  actual        habitual  couj^iatulate     fraudulent      cordial       toward 


3  intelligent      intelligible         intellect        indispensible  independent 

4  undertake  entertain  perpetual         forfeit  perpetrate 


5  assuage         suasion  persuade        requisite         betwixt      bewitch 

^    -^     ^—   ^O    ^  N^ 

6  assent  assign         essence  assignee  susceptible      assault 


1    ways         why's     tohat  is        whereas  like -wise  always 

8    insanity  humanity        popularity  ijn  mortality         faculty 


9  comprehend       adhesive        behave  behalf       perliaps  exhibit 

10  took  stock  none  potatoes       territory  monotony 


11  paying  pang       drying        drink  eying        ink  owing 


12  clue  blue  Jlew  plough  cloud  club        flute 

^  ^  ^  c)  -^ —       =^       /— 


74  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

DERIVATIVE    OUTLINES. 

The  plate  of  words  given  on  the  following  page  are  termed 
derivative  outlines,  since  they  are  principally  derived  from  a 
root  word,  the  writing  of  which  has  already  been  given. 

In  writing  the  word  out  and  all  of  its  derivatives  it  is 
immaterial  whether  the  loop  is  shaded  or  not,  since  the  outline 
cannot  make  any  other  word  than  out.  See  lines  6  and  7. 
The  third  word  in  line  7  is  the  word  outline,  in  which  the  / 
is  omitted,  since  it  would  make  an  indistinct  joining  with  the 
letter  /. 

In  the  word  over  and  its  derivatives  the  o  can  be  omitted 
provided  the  writer  finds  it  sufficiently  advantageous,  as  is 
shown  in  line  8. 

In  the  words  ending  in  on,  as  hereon,  thereon,  the  syllable 
071  is  expressed  by  simply  the  //stroke,  but  in  woids  ending  in 
in,  as  herein,  therein,  etc. ,  the  syllable  in  is  wri  rten  out  in  or 
expressed  by  the  n  hook.  For  an  illustration  see  the  last  word 
in  line  11  and  the  first  word  in  line  12. 

The  e  is  omitted  in  the  syllable  ever  in  such  words  as 
wherever,  whatever,  whoever,  however  and  whenever,  as  shown 
on  line  13. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

When  a  word  can  be  outlined  in  different  ways,  what  three  essential 
points  should  be  considered  in  making  the  selection  ?  What  is  meant  by 
preserving  analogy  ?  How  is  .f  expressed  after  w  in  ways  ?  When  can  the 
letter  h  be  omitted  ?  When  can  the  vowels  o  and  11  be  omitted  ?  How  is 
the  omission  known?  How  are  the  words  ending  in  o« distinguished  from 
those  ending  in  in  ?  Can  the  0  be  omitted  in  the  word  over  ?  Would 
there  be  a  liability  of  reading  it  very,  or  would  the  context  distinguish 
them  ? 


DERIVATIVE  OUTLINES. 


75 


1        a// 


4  7iere 

5  /9 


0\ ^ 


o- 


> 


> 


Otit 


6 


"> 


/. 


s       7vhere 


11     XI. 


%    / 


>ith 


/^ 


■•    >       / 


there 


-7      ^y—     ^^ 

ever  y  C/  _/         _/        ^ 


70  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  14. 


SIMILAR  WORDS    DISTINGUISHED. 

On  the  following  page  is  given  a  list  of  words  which  are 
similar  in  pronunciation,  and,  therefore,  somewhat  similar  in 
formation.  These  words  are  such  as  should  be  distinguished 
in  writing  in  order  to  secure  perfect  legibility.  The  student 
will  observe  that  in  most  instances  the  division  of  syllable, 
accent  or  other  peculiarity  in  pronunciation  determines  the 
particular  form  of  outline. 

Occasionally  the  outlines  of  two  words  may  be  somewhat 
similar  although  the  words  are  considerably  different  in 
pronunciation,  and,  therefore,  when  outlining  words  in 
shorthand,  it  is  well  to  take  into  account  the  possibility  there 
is  of  the  outline  selected  becoming  like  some  other  word 
when  subjected  to  rapid  execution.  The  outlines  adopted  in 
New  Standard  Shorthand  have  been  as  far  as  possible  selected 
so  as  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  their  conflicting  in  the 
most  rapid  execution,  and  the  thoughtful  writer  will  carry  this 
princii)le  out  in  the  outlining  of  words. 

The  student  who  is  careful  to  preserve  a  distinction  between 
all  words  which  are  liable  to  conflict  is  the  one  who  never 
makes  mistakes  in  reading  his  notes.  Very  frequently  the 
legibility  of  a  word  depends  upon  the  particular  length  of  a 
stroke,  and  until  the  writer  has  become  proficient  in  actual 
shorthand  work,  he  should  take  great  care  to  form  every  char- 
acter with  precision. 


eiin^ration 
imiJiii^ration 


J"    J 

farther         /___ 
further         /_ 

inevitable         /  P 
unavoidable 


SIMILAR   W0RB3 

©ISTIXGUISIIED. 

favor -ed     c/ 
favorite     j/^'^ 

fire  fear      A^ 
fair  far        Jo 

forward    /. 

fro'cvard    ^-i 

genteel     d — "c^ 
gejitle      J — ^^ 

genius 
genuine      I 

guaranty     ^-7< 
guarantee    ^^ 

however     — --f 
u<o  never      -Y 

human 
humane      (f 

indebted     C 
indicted     C 

ingenious 
ingenuous 


77 


into 

C 

unto 

c — = 

this 

o 

these 

X 


patron 
pattern 

proscribe     X/'X^ 
prescribe      '^o^V 
quit  quite       ^^ 
q  tiiet     y^ 
sent         <^     "^ 
send  cr      >. 

trtie     — = 
through      ~~^ 

yourself       (^     ^ 
yourselves        ^r 

veracity       / — ^ 
voracity        /""Q^^ 


/8  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

SHORTHAND   PUNCTUATION. 

The  different  marks  of  punctuation  used  in  shorthand 
writing  are  shown  on  the  following  page.  The  most  of  these 
are  so  nearly  like  the  marks  used  in  ordinary  writing  and 
printing  as  to  be  self-explanatory. 

The  underscore  is  drawn  beneath  any  word  to  capitalize  it. 

The  mark  called  slur  is  used  in  much  the  same  way  as  the 
underscore,  excepting  that  its  special  use  is  to  connect  a 
number  of  outlines  or  words  which  are  generally  expressed  by 
their  initial  letters  by  striking  it  above  them.  As  for  example 
in  writing  long  titles  as,  The  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  or  The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 

The  mark  which  indicates  doubt  is  used  in  shorthand  notes 
to  show  that  for  some  reason  the  writer  is  in  doubt  as  to  the 
correctness  of  a  word  or  statement,  which  should  be  inquired 
into  at  the  close  of  the  dictation. 


SHORTHAND  NOTATION. 

Amounts  and  periods  of  time  are  written  as  illustrated  on 
the  following  page.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  order  of 
figures,  as  hundreds,  thousands,  millions,  etc.,  are  expressed  by 
the  initial  letter  of  each. 

The  following  is  a  key  to  the  last  seven  expressions  on  the 
following  page :  Twenty-four  inilcs,  three  feet,  ten  inches, 
seven  pounds,  three  shillings,  six  pence,  7iinety-nine  times  out  of 
a  hundred. 

The  shorthand  writer  should  be  expert  in  the  formation  of 
good  figures.  They  should  be  of  medium  size,  and  written 
'vithoiit  shades. 


Period 


Comma 


Semicolon 


Colon. 


Dash 


Underscore 


SHORTHAND  FUNCTUATIOK 

X  Parenthesis  f  J        Section 


79 


/  Doicbt  U) 

Interrogation  y  Sltn -^ 

Caret                      /\  Applause  ^^-^ 

Paragraph              n  Laughter  T) 

Asterisk                 (p  Hissing  J^ 


J  Exclamation  I  Doubt 


SHORTHAND  NOTATION. 

1       hu>tdred  ly  ^£^  ^>  6^  2Lly 


2  thousand             -^ 2^ -^  -i — 

3  million               vjj^— ^          /I — ^  ^ 

A  dollars                  "tL-            3. /<^ 

6  periods  of  time             -^  -' — y :>  -2. 


/ 
7Z_3  <=^  /^^ 


so  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

REFORTma  CONTRACTIONS, 

J-INAI.   LIST. 
I  al'out         according      advantnge  advertise         appropriate        after 

3  accomplish  another  business  capable  convenient-ce 

^  a-  \  /X  ^ 

z  christian-ity       circumstance  cJuiptei  common         commence 

4  defendant  establish        familiar-ity      glory         hand       ignorant 

5  language        maqnifcent-ce  necessary  necessity  object 

c    not-withstanding        order -nary      opportunity       propose        particular 


T   peculiar  period        represent       people  plaintiff      revolution 


i  perpendicular-ity    revelation     subject    suggest      sufficient     scripture 

-^^        -\        ^  V"  ^ 

0  signify  icant         superintetid-ent         whether  king  kingdom 

The  above  reporting  contractions  concludes  the  list  of 
contracted  words  that  are  employed  in  the  writing  of  Standard 
Shorthand.  After  these  are  committed  to  memory  the 
student  should  practice  writing  all  the  derivatives  of  each 
word. 

The  practice  of  contracting  words  in  shorthand  writing  can 
be  carried  to  an  indefinite  extent,  but  it  is  not  at  all  necessary 
in  order  to  become  proficient  in  all  kinds  of  shorthand  work 
to  contract  words  any  further  than  is  illiistiated  in  this  text- 
book. 


ADVICK  TO  YOUNG  MEN. 


81 


■n.^  <^  7 


o 


L  Z 


GARFIELD. 


9  C~ 

10  1^ 

11 


„^ 


"J 


/ 


O^       o- 


\^ 


o 


y 

^ 


^ 


9^ 

o 


^ 


<^-^     X^     \/^ 
r-^    ^   o     \ /    r^  "^ 

r  ^-^  — ^    /   o    x\ 

/  X    ^    \^  -,r-    —^    V^ 

_^   — Tf-N     <r--.    o-:^     o      /^   X      ^     O 

"^5-^       ^^       -^        Y"       -^       "^     <=^     ° 
.^^ '^     °       C3^     ^O 


82 


GEMS  OF. POETRY. 


o 


o 


\ 


o 


\ 


^ 


/9 


/ 


-^     —     V.     ^ 


COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONDENCK.       83 
Letter  No.  L 


-^ 
^ 


^v  ^-^/ 


0 


c/ 


.-^       2 — .      D        o       Os^/^ 


S 


/    -^    ^     ^^^   8 

?  ;  o   — °   ^-^ 

-^^    /    ^   /V^  -^ 

/    o      ^- 
V    ^     -^ 


1 


84 


LETTER  No.  IL 


LETTER  No.  II 
Continued,. 


85 


J' 


r  /. 


? 


x 


i 


\ 


o 


^ 


o     c s-^r^    ^ 

-  /  ^ 
-/  -^ 


/ 


o~:) 


^      c^ 


O ^       - 

o     \    - 

X  / 


Q. 


"^ 


^-  /-  -^ 


°J 


86  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY. 

The  following  shorthand  vocabulary  contains  the  shorthand 
outlines  of  more  than  one  thousand  practical  English  words. 

This  list  has  been  selected  with  a  view  of  furnishing  the 
student  with  the  correct  outline  for  the  leading  words  of  the 
language,  and  is  sufficiently  comprehensive  as  to  furnish  a  key 
to  the  correct  outlining  of  all  words. 


SHORTHAND   VOCABULARY.  87 

1  abandon      abbreviate      abhor        abolish        aboniination      aborigines 

%-.      ^        o>       °V.     ^V-^      ^ 

1  abscess       absence     absolute       absorb       absurd     abundant    acadeni 


ov^  o^^~  o^_^ 

3  acceleration       accept       accessible    accident    CLCcontiiiodaiion     account 
*  accompany        acconiplishinent    accountant    ace  it  initiation     accuracy 


h  acknowledge     cue  urate       afcttstom    acguaiitt  cutgtiaintatice     act/uire 
c  acquisition      actjuittal     adaptation     adaptability    address       adhere 

7  adequate      adhesive       adjacent       adjective'      adjourn    adjustment 

8  admirable     adiiiinistei     admission     advance      adventure    adversary 


p 
rm 


a  adversity        advisable      advocate   aerial      erstlietics  ajffidavit    ajfi 
10  affirmative        affiord      aggravate      agency  aggregate     /    agitation 


11  agreeable  alcoJiol       allowance     almanac      alphabet         alternate 


^ 


o> 


O^^^        C>. 


cr^s 


12  ajnantiensis         ambitious       amendment         amiiscncni         American 

13  amicable       analogy        ancestor        angular      animal      annihilation 

14  anniversary      _  annoyance    annual    annuity       anonymous    answer 

15  answerable      antagonistic     antarctic      anterior      anthracite   antique 


16  antiquity        antir.pation     antithesis       anxiety     anxious    apologize 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 


1  apparatus       appearance  applicable            appreciate        apprelurul 

%—-           c>^  Ov/^             o^^         cx^_^ 

2  approximately        aqueduct  arbitrary        architect        argument 

3  aristocracy          aristocratic^  arithmetic        arithmetician        around 

4  article      artistic    ascertain  assassin     assembly    assertion       assist 

5  assessment        assignment  assistance          association             associate 


6  assurance       astonish       astronomer      atJieism        atJieist       athletic 


1  Atlantic        atmosphere  attainment    attendance    attention     attorney 


8  audience      augment      authenticity     author       authority      atitliorize 

O— ^  (^"""^       O-^ Q—  (j-o o^ 

s  avenue       auxiliary       average      avocation        bachelor        backiuards 

10  bankbook      baptize        bankrupt      bargain      before/iand    beginning 

11  benediction      beneficent  beneficial        benevolent         bereavement 

^        ^  ^         >^      ^. 

i.i  book-keeper  borroio        boundary       btndensonie    btir^^lar     cabinet 

13  calamity         calculation      campaign    capital       capacity  carelessiuss 

/^>-.  /-^  /V  ^.  ^^^.  -^'^ 

14  catalogue      catJwlic      Catholicism     celebration     centennial        center 

15  central      ceremony       certain      certificate  challenge        c/iastisemcnt 

16  cheerfulness        cJumistry       Christianity         "  citizen        civilization 


SHORTHAND   VOCABULARY. 


89 


I  classical    cognizance      coincide       collateia!        combination      college 
icommeinoraiion         coniineiiceiiicnt  commerce  commercial 

3  commodity  commonplace  commomvealth  communion 

i  companion         comparison     compensation     competition  complainant 


5  comprehension      complex       complicate         composition    compromise 


c  computation        concern        concealment      concentration       conclude 


7  conclusion      condemnation         conduct         confederate      conference 


8  confiscate      congenial     congratulation        congregation       congress 


9  conjecture     conscience    consciencious      consciousness     consequence 
10  considerable        consignment      consolation      consonant     constituent 


11  constitution        construct      construction       context  consumption 


VI  contaminate         contemplation  contemptible  continuation 


13  continue     contradiction     contradistinction      contrary  contribution 

14  controversy        convenience       conversation      conviction    co-operation 

y^L^  ^/  /t_i?        ^//t        /-<.^^ 

15  copyright         corporation        correct         correction         correspondence 


10   country       corroboration     counteract     counterfeit     creation     credit 

/—  ^  /o_^     y^  yo     ^ 


90 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 


1  criminal      criticise      cultivation        cultttre        cnstom      ctistomary 

2  damage     danger       debility        declaration      decoration       deficieiuy 

3  degeneration         deliberate       deliberation     delinquent      deliverance 
*  deliver      demonstration        demmination         dentist       denunciation 
5  department  depoieiit         deportment        deposition         depreciate 
c  derangement      desecription     desecration      desideratum       destination 
1  destitute         destruction     deteriorate     deterioration       determination 


8  detestable         detriment     develop      development    deviation     devoted 
a  dexterous     diagram  dictation       diffeience      different   digestion 

10  dignified     dilapidate      diligent     dimension      diminish     diphtheria 


II  diploma       direct    direction   disagreeable    disappearance         disaster 
1-'  disastrous        disburse       discern       disc/iarge     disciple        discipline 


i'^  discontentment      discontimte  discount       discourage      discover 

-        y^  5-^ 


K  discriminate        disgrace       dishonest     dishonorable        disinterested 
13  dismissal       disobedient       dispensation       disposition        disqualify 

le  disrespectful         dissatisfaction     dissimilar      dissipation     dissolve 


SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY.  91 

1  distance      distinction        distinguish  distribution      distrustful 


1  disturbance       diversify       diversity    divinity        divorce     dominion 
3  dollar     doubtful       doxology    dramatic    drawee  druggist  di  tinkard 


4  duplicate       durability  during    eastern      eccentricity    ecclesiastical 


5  ecclectic      econo'nical       economy         educate       education    efficient 


^effort        elasticity       electricity        electrotype  elementary      eligible 
7  elliptical  eloctition  ,       eloquence  elucidate      emancipation 


8   embarrass     embezzlement        etnbleiuatical  embodies    emergeiuy 

<)  employs  employer       employment        emoiirage         encyclopedia 


10  etidanger       endeavor      endurance    energetic      energy  enforcement 

^     ^      ^        O       Q       T-, 

11  enforce        ^"^S'^S^         engineer        English       engrave  enjoyment 

""       ^       T.       ^     ^        \~, 

12  enlargement        enormous       entertain       enthusiasm  enthusiastic^ 


13  enumeration       envelop        epidemic        episcopal  equatorial   equity 
\^  equinoctial      eqtii table     erroneously  especially    estimation     eternal 


15  eternity         etiquette     evangelical    evidence      evolution      excepting 

16  exaggeration       examination      exceedingly    excellent    exceptiottabie 


92 


NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


1  excessive        exclamatory         excruciating;        execution        executive 
1  exhibit       existence      exorbitant       expect     expedient     expenditure 


3  expensive        experience       experiment       explanation       exploration 

-y  '\j  ■\^         -^^y  -^^ 

4  explicit        exportation     exposition      express     expression    exquisite 


5  extemporaneous         extemporary      exterior     extermination     external 


6  extinguish     extraordinary      extravagance  extreme     facilitate 

;  facsimile  factory  faculty  failure  famous  fashion  fashionable 
s  favor  favorable  fermentation  ferocity  fiction  fictitious  figure 
•J  fidelity      figurative    financial       fire-engine        fireman    flourish 

10  fluctuation      foolish     forfeit       formality     fortunate     foundation- 

11  fortune      fracture    franchiscment     fraternal      fraternity    fulfill 

"^^  ^  c^'~^ 


\i  fraudulent     friendship      frugality    fundamental  funeral furnisk 


13  gazette      generation       generositv      german  germituite     gesture 

w  glorious      gospel    government     graduation      grammar       grocery 


x'i  grammatical    grand- jury       guarantee      gua~anty      guilty    habit 
10  habitual        /uilleujah         handkerchief        haphizard       Jiarmonize 


7 


;■- 


SHORTHAND   VOCABULARY.  93 

i  harvest     headqtiarters      he/norrJia^e  henceforth         hereditary 


s  heroic  hesitation  hieroglyphic  historical  hitherto  holiday 
i  homicide  honestly  honorably  horizontal  horticulture  hospital 
4  humility      hundred     husbatid     hydraulic         hygiene      hypothesis 


5  identical    identify    idolize         ignominious     ignoramus      ignorant 


6  illegible         illiterate        illustration       ima^iiuition        immaterial 

7  immediate        immorality        immortal        impartial        imperative 


8  importatue      impossible       imprison       improve  inability  itmsmuch 


9  inaccessible     ttuxminate      itmuguration    incliruition       inconsistent 

10  include     ituomprehensible    inconvenience       indemnity      indenture 
Ji  indiscriminate       individual       indorse  indttstriotts       industiy 


C 


12  itiefficient       inevitable       inferiority     infidelity    influence  iniquity 


13  influential      inlieritance        initiation    innumerable       inoffensive 


1*  insanity        instatttaneous       insurrection       integrity     intellectual 


v>  intelligent       interesting      interference         interior      interrogation 
16  internal       interrogatory        intestate        intoxication    introduction 


94 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 


1  introductory       invention        investigate        invincible      involuntary 

^^        2,  ^  .      ^  .       •^.   . 

2  invoice       irrecoverable     irregularity      irrelative     irrelevant      italic 

?       ^  <1  "7     ^^-^ 

3  irresistible       irresponsible      irritation   Jealous    journal   jottrnalist 
i  judgment     judicial        judicious  jurisdiction         jurisprudence 

5  justification      kingdom       labors-       laborious        landlady      landlord 

6  languish,    lawyer      lecture    leqal     legality      legislation   legislature 

'~>v~^  "^  ^  ^      ^  ^ 

7  lexicographer     liberality       librarian       licentiotis     liquidate    liquor 


8  literature         location  locality      lucrative        luxury       machine 

9  magazine      magtiani/notts        jnagnetisin        magnificent      magnify 

10  majority     manifestation      manufacture  marsJwll        masculine 
n  masonic        matJiematics     mature       maximum      meantime  measure 


yi  mecfuinical      medical       medicinal         medicine    meditate      memory 


^r 


13  memorandum        mental       mention  mercantile        mercJiandise 


14  merchant       meritorious  mestnerism  method        metlwdical 

15  metJwdist         metropolis     metropolitan      millennium      milliotuiire 


fnillioti        minister         iniscellaneous       mischievous         miserable 


SHORTHAND   VOCABULARY.  95 

1  misrepresent        missionary      misunderstand  modern         motuy  ' 

2  mistinJerstood       monopolize         mother        mountain  movement 
s  municipal      murder     murderer         mtisettm         .musician    mutual 


4  mysterious        natttralize    neglect      negligent     negotiation  neuralgia 


5  nevertheless      nezvspaper     nobody      nomination      nonsense    normal 


6  north-east       north-eastern       north-west         north-western        notice 


7  notoriety  notorious      notwithstanding    miisance       mimeration 


8  obligation  obscure     observation       obstacle      obstruction     occasion 

"^'^  X/       ^        %-^      X-^      /^ 

9  occurreiue  offensive     offer      office     officer      official     omnipotent 
V)  07nniscient  operation      opponent      opposition     oratorical       oratory 


n  ordinary     organization     organize  orthodox      oxygen  pamphlet 


npaiwrama      parallel      paralyze    parentage  parliamentary    patriot 
^participate       partnership  partriotism        pectiniary     penurions 


u  peradvettturc  percentage  perennial  permeate     persecution 

,     ^^  \r — -,  ^^^""^-x  ^- — b ■      "^/"^ 

lipersonal  perspicuity  perspiration  persuasion        perusal 

Kpeiitioner  pfienomenon  pliilosopher  phonography  physical 


96 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 


1  physician     physiology     picture         pilgrim     plagiarism  plausible 

2  pneumonia     political        polytechnic         popularity       population 

3  possessor       postmaster        post-office      practicability       predecessor 


4  precede      preparatory         prepossess        presbyterian  prescribe 

^privilege        problem       proceedings         procrastination         procure 


^  prodttce     production        profess     profession     professor    proficiency 

6.-6  <^  ^_j,  . 

7  proficient    profitable       prognosticate       progression        progressive 


8  prohibition     protniscuons      promissory      prominciation  propensity 

^\  -, 


^prophesy        proprietor  proscribe        prosecution        prospective 

Z.         V_        vx       ^^        "^V^ 

\oprosperity         protection       protestant        providence        pulmonary 


i\ punctital     purchase    purgatory  pursuant     quadruped     quantity 


M  qualification       quarantine  quartette  quinine        quitclaim 


13  quotation  railroad  railzvay  reaction  reality  rebel  rebel 
i<  receipt  recess  reciprocal  recognize  recommendation  rectitude 
ureconnoiter        reconsideration         recreation      reduction     re-enforce 

(L^         C^         -^      ^      X? 

10  re-elect         re-enforcement       re-imbursement      re-iterate      relative 


V 


SHORTHAND   VOCABULARY. 


97 


1  reliabh       religion     religious    relinquish      remarkable       remittance 

2  remeinhrance    reminiscence       remonstrate    remuneration         reporter 


3  reorganization        repentaiue         reproduce       republic        republican 

^z^       o^     '"^—    r^      '^^ 

4  request      requital   research     residence     resolution     resort    resource 


5  respeefful     respondent       responsible      restaurant      result     reunion 


6  resurect-ion        revelation  reverence       revival  revolutionize 

1  rhetoric     rhetorical  rheumatism         righteous        righteousness 

«  romantic      royalty        ruin     sabbath        sacrifice      sagacity  salvage 
9  salvation     sanctification        sanctimonious  sanguine      sarcasm 


J 


:>b 


X^ 


10  sarcastic      schedule    scientific     secession     self-evident      semicircle 

11  sensational        sepulchre       serious      sermon       settlemettt      sextant 


12  shipwreck      short -hand       signature  simplicity       simultaneous 


13  singular  situate  situation  slavery  solemn  solicit  solicitude 
I*  solitary  solvewy  somezuhat  southeast  sound  south-.vest 
ii  specification         sperulation         standard  stationary       statistics 


JO  statue       statute      statutory     stipulation       s'ockholder      subjection 


98 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


1  subjugation     subjunctive      sublimify     subordinate         subordination 

2  subscription      substance      substantiate       substitution         succession 


3  successive        successor     summons        superabundance      superfluous 

4  stiicide     superior    superiority     siipernatural      supersede      suppose 

5  iupersirttcture      supposition        supremacy        supreme     stisceptible 


fi  surgeon     surrotind    surveyor     sympathetic     iynonytnor.s     synopsis 


^. 


^r-"^ 


T  systematic        systematize      tabernacle      tariff      technical    telegram 

- — :f  ^ — °  V — ^      (5  /    — y^         -o 

telegraph       telescope    temperance      tendency     termituition    territory 


•I  terrestrial  testimonial  testimony  text-book  thanksgiving 
w  theatrical  tJieoretic  ^  theory  thorough  thousand  io-morrow 
11  thoughtlessness      topographer       tragedy        transcend    transcendent 


1-!  transcribe       transfiguration    transformation  transient    transition 

—^    ^              l^^                  ^^15  vj) 

n  trangression         transitory          translation  tra^Mplant        travel 

_y          ^         -^>  --—     -p 

u  transportation      transposition       treacherous  treasurer    tribunal 


15  tremendous        trigonometry         trinitarian       triumph    troublesome 


10  tuition       tyranical      tyranny        ultimate       umpire    unaccountable 
"5     '^'^ ^X/^ 


--{ 


SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY 


Y.  91 


1  utia-.'oidahle        uncertain     unciTilir^d      uncoDimon       unconscious 


2  unconstittttioiral      underhand        undoubted  unequal  unfortunate 

X    ^  (r-s~^      c— ?^ c^^         ? 

3  uninterested       union    tmiversal       university        unless  unnatural 
>,  unnecessary      unqtialijied      unrighteous       unsatisfactory      utility 

5  unsuccessful     unwilling      utmost       utterance     vacation    valuable 

c^'  ^^X_    ^^— ^      ^         /^       a(^ 

6  valedictory       valuation      variation     variety       vegetation    verbatim 

7  verdict  verification      verify       viaduct    vicissitude       victorious 


h  victory  vindicative  virtue        vocabulary       volume  voluntary 

l^  A-^  (      /^    <_  ^ 

s  'warrant  welcome  welfare  '.western           westw.id  wholesale 

10  withhold  witness  woman        wonderful         yanhce  yottngest 


11  zealous      zenith      zigzag     zoological 


100  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

REPORTING. 

The  New  Standard  System  of  Shorthand  furnishes  the 
stenographer  with  a  rapid  and  legible  system  of  writing, 
which  is  adapted  to  all  the  uses  made  of  shorthand  writing. 
In  this  system  the  learner  is,  therefore,  not  obliged  to  go 
through  a  further  set  of  rules  and  methods  of  contracting  in 
order  to  be  able  to  report.  He  is  already  in  possession  of 
what  will,  by  continued  practicCj  serve  him  most  faithfully  in 
all  fields  of  shorthand  work. 

The  phrases  and  engraved  shorthand  matter  which  follows 
should  be  carefully  studied  and  practiced,  the  student  endeav- 
oring to  obtain  therefrom  as  many  practical  ideas  as  possible. 
After  these  plates  have  been  written  several  times  the  writer 
can  then  begin  to  ]jractice  for  speed.  Each  plate  should  be 
written  from  dictation  at  least  a  half  dozen  times  each  day, 
and  continued  from  day  to  day  until  they  can  be  written 
easily  and  at  a  s])eed  of  from  loo  to  150  words  per  minute. 

The  reporting  of  testimony  in  court  is  considerably  differ- 
ent from  all  other  kinds  of  stenographic  work.  While  it  is 
no  more  difficult  than  some  other  fields  of  reporting,  there  is 
much  to  learn  besides  the  mere  taking  down  of  what  is 
heard.  Those  who  are  fitting  themselves  for  court  reporting 
should  attend  court  proceedings  as  often  as  possible  and  glean 
all  the  knowledge  they  can  pertaining  to  the  reporter's  work. 


G.ENERAL  BEFORTIPia  PHRASES. 


101 


act  of  Congress    ^  /^ 

act  of  ra)liat)ient 

at  all  events       / 

by  llie  way     *\^ 

by  no  means 

by  any  means 

coming  and  going 

Cluiniber  of  Commerce       1^^^ 

fitrtJier  than     ^— ^ 

for  instance     c'     ^ 

hither  and  thither  _y~0 

Jiere  and  there     J^ 

IJoiise  of  Represetitatives 
House  of  Parliament 
house  and  lot 


n 

in  a  few  days    ^ — D 
in  the  first  place 
in  the  second  place 
in  order  to      o 
J  do  not  know     '^~ 
J  do  not  think     °~ 
//  is  very  diffictilt 
in  such  manner     L_^^ 

it  is  necessary      °      > ^ 

it  will  be  remembered      '^"^\/^^ 

in  some  cases      C 5 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen       o — P 
mister  Fresidejit     ""     ^ 
on  the  contrary 
on  the  one  hand 
on  the  ot/ier  Jiand 


once  in  a  while 
party  of  tJu  first _part 
party  of  tlw  second  part 
Voting  men  and  -women    J, 


102         COUR  T  REFOR TING,  PHRASES. 


as  a  matter  of  fact    c     ^7-7/^ 
by  tlie  court     \^^ 


I 


I 
county  court 

counsel  for  the  defendant 

counsel  for  the  plaintiff ^^f^\^ 

cross  examination   ^ C    ^ 

do  you  recollect     — -^ 

do  yoic  remember        -f    \ 

direct  examination 

Grand  Jttry  ^^ 

Habeas  Corpus  — -^^s^"\^ 
Iw^  long  have  you  been  c 
J  can  7iot  remember 


7W 


\ 


1  do  not  remember 

I  have  not  been 

I  will  not  be 

learned  counsel 

objection  sustained     ^s 

objection  overruled  n. 

prisoner  at  tlie  bar 

redirect  examination 

Superior  Court 

■what  is  your  business        \j\ 

what  is  your  occupation     '-^X 


C~i5 


Almighty  God 
Christ  Jesus 
Holy  Ghost    ^'^^ 
Holv  Spirit    ,p/C^ 

Jesus  Christ       J<. ^ 

kingdom  of  heaven     ^^-   'y 


your  Honor     ^ — -^ 
verdict  of  the  jury 

THKOLOaiCAL  PHRASES. 

kingdom  of  God    -' 


Lord  and  Savior 


-/ 


rcsttrrection  of  the  body      X 
Roman  Catholic  Church 
Savior  of  the  world   ^ 
Son  of  man 


STATES  AND  COUNTRIES, 


103 


Alalmina  Arizona  Arkansas              California         Colorado 

Conitecticiit       DakJta  Delaivare  Florida       Georgia      Idaho 

^  -^  --X       ^^         I         -^ 

Illinois  Indiana  loioa          A'ansas         Kentucky      Louisiana 

■^.,  r-^  r.         ^p              ^               -^ 

Maine  Maryland  Alassacliitsetts            Micldgaiv       ]\Iississippi 

Jilissotiri  Jl/jnnesota  Montana      A'ew  Ilainpsliire         A^tw  York 


Netv  Mexico        Neto  Jersey         N^ebraska         N^evada     N.  Carolina 
Ohio        Oregon     Pennsylvania  Rhode  Island  South  Carolina 

Tennessee      Texas  Utah        Vermont        Virginia      Washington 

West  Virginia  Wisconsin  Wyoming 

Ajtica  Alaska        Austria        Australia  Asia        Brazil 

British  America        China      Central  America        Cuba      Dominion  of 
Canada        Egypt      Em^land  Europe        France       Great  Britain 


Germany         India         Ireland        Italy  United  States  of  America 


104  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

DAYS,  MONTHS  AND  TITLES. 

Sn/i,7,7v  MoiKfay  Tuesday  Wednesday  Thinsday  Friday 
Saturday  January  February  March  Apri'  21  ay  June 
July       August  September        October     N'oveinber         December 

Mister       Mrs.  J/iss        Rev'.  Esq.  '       Doc.         Pi  of.        Col. 


Capt.  /Ion.     President.      ■  Ex-Pres. 

When  titles  of  organizations  occur  in  which  there  are  two 
or  more  names,  as  American  Bible  Association,  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  the  best  rule  to  follow  in  writing 
them  is  to  simply  write  the  initial  letters.  This  will  be  follow- 
ing the  printer's  rule  of  abbreviating  such  expressions,  and  to 
show  that  the  several  initial  letters  are  a  part  of  a  proper 
name,  a  slur  can  be  struck  immediately  above  so  as  to  embrace 
the  entire  combination.  In  rapid  writing  the  mind  always 
seeks  to  outline  new  words  and  expressions  by  the  use  of 
simple  and  fundamental  principles,  and  unless  some  general 
rule  is  followed  in  the  writing  of  such  names  the  reporter  k 
put  to  a  great  disadvantage  in  keeping  up  when  they  occur  in 
rapid  dictation.  The  writing  of  initial  letters  is  the  only 
universal  rule  that  can  be  followed,  and  as  vowels  can  be  as 
readily  written  as  consonants  there  is  the  same  legibility 
obtained  as  in  the  case  of  a  printed  or  longhand  abbreviation. 

The  intelligent  reporter  will,  of  course,  in  reporting  con- 
ventions and  proceedings  of  all  kinds  where  technical 
expressions  are  used  over  and  over,  extemporize  brief  out- 
lines for  their  representation. 


SPEECH 

Before  tlie  House  of  Representatives. 


105 


>  ^ 


/   '-- 

>r\        O 


>« 


o 


-? 


10  ^ ^    >'       o        Q_p        /        /O 

1.     -— ^       ^ 

i2       — 7  O  / 

.3  /         0-.  V_)  \ 


/ 


^     J      ^    • 


o 


7 


X       O 


■'■  r 


%^  ■  ^ 


106 


SPEECH 

Before  t]ie  House  of  Representatives. 


s  •     V-^      y       O       c/ 

^  -^^  •        /        /       ^ 

>2    /—^      \ O      /O    <==> — - 

15     •      Z'^-:  O 


ST) 


C         D 


O 


o 


~l 


7 

V  ■  <  --  / 

o     ^     •      <>  ^ 


_Q 3 


/      o 


BIBLE  SELECTIONS. 


107 


D    ^ 


C C       ^     ^      ^^—^         C cP.        /       "^         J         ^A^ 


y 


10     -<? 


•3        -V  O 


— ^  <  -«  x_ 


"    c 


o 


^       ,    O         -^         ,5-.  /^  ^  l^ 


o — ^ 


O       ^-^    X 


108 


COURT  TESTIMO'ITY. 


.■<D—^^^ 


U) 


V 


"^  ^ 


^^~b 


\<^^- 


/ 


^o-— --^ 


2^^ 


X 


/7^ 


o    ^ 


<=^  ■  /t^ 


o      :> 


I'RINCIPLES.  109 

FINAL  SUGGESTIONS. 

Now  that  the  student  has  gone  over  everything  given  in  the 
text -book,  he  should  at  this  point  consider  the  advisability  of 
reviewing  the  work.  If,  upon  reflection,  it  is  found  that  a 
review  is  needed,  then  the  review  lessons  which  follovv  should 
be  carefully  gone  over.  In  fact,  no  student  should  be  content 
to  pass  by  these  lessons  entirely,  as  they  afford  a  most  excellent 
drill  which  cannot  be  gotten  in  any  other  way. 

You  will  necessarily  meet  some  new  words  in  these  lessons 
and  must  rely  upon  your  own  ability  to  outline  them  in  the 
most  appioved  manner.  The  sooner  you  learn  to  outline  new 
words  quickly  the  sooner  you  will  be  ready  for  practice  on 
miscellaneous  work.  The  best  and  most  experienced  writers 
Avill  occasionally  run  across  new  words,  which  must  be  out- 
lined on  the  spur  of  the  moment  The  principles  of  this 
system  are  so  universal  in  their  application  that  the  thoughtful 
student  will  have  little  or  no  difficulty  in  outlining  the  most 
uncommon  words.  You  have  doubtless  already  learned  that 
the  shortest  outline  for  a  word  is  not  always  the  best.  There 
are  three  points  that  should  be  remembered  in  the  outlining 
of  every  word  :  Legibility,  simplicity  and  analogy.  In  out- 
lining new  words  you  should  always  keep  these  three  principles 
in  mind,  and  then  adopt  the  best  form  after  testing  it  in 
accordance  with  these  three  points.  Legibilit}'  should  always 
be  considered  first,  for  without  this  the  writing  is  of  no  value 
whatever.  Simplicity  of  outline  should  be  considered  second, . 
striving  to  secure  forms  that  will  not  become  distorted  when 
subjected  to  high  speed.  The  preserving  of  analogy  should 
be  taken  into  consideration  last.  Although  this  is  a  very 
important  point,  the  others  must  take  precedence,  as  the  easy 
preserving  of  analogy  depends  mostly  upon  the  construction 


110  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

of  the  system  ;  and  in  New  Standard  Shorthand  it  is,  as  a  rule, 
secured  without  special  effort. 

When  you  begin  practice  for  speed  on  unfamiliar  matter 
you  will  frequently  find  yourself  hesitating  on  some  new  word, 
and  by  concentrating  the  mind  upon  outlining  it,  you  will 
very  likely  lose  the  remaining  part  of  the  sentence.  This  is 
something  you  must  guard  against.  Never  lose  a  sentence  or 
any  part  of  one,  simply  because  one  word  is  unfamiliar  and 
difficult  to  outline.  Better,  a  hundred  times,  omit  the  M'ord 
without  attempting  to  outline  it,  than  to  lose  a  sentence.  If 
everything  excepting  that  one  word  is  written,  you  will  find 
that  nine  times  out  of  ten  you  can  supply  the  word  when 
making  the  transcript.  Especially  is  this  true  if  you  under- 
stand the  subject  upon  which  you  are  writing,  and  this  every 
snccess/ii/  stenogrsLpher  is  able  to  do. 

Another  thing  you  must  not  do  is,  to  repeat  words  or 
sentences  to  yourself  when  writing.  Many  get  into  the  habit 
when  learning  shorthand  of  pronouncing  words  and  sentences 
(especially  when  the  word  is  difficult  to  outline),  to  them- 
selves in  a  whispered  tone.  This  habit  is  very  detrimental  to 
speed,  and,  of  course,  must  be  broken  up  entirely  before  you 
are  in  a  way  to  progress  rapidly  and  satisfactorily. 

There  is  one  subject  of  great  importance  of  which  we  have 
iiot  yet  spoken,  and  that  is  i-apid  thinking.  To  be  able  to 
write  shorthand  at  a  high  rate  of  speed  one  must  be  master  of 
more  than  one  art  ;  he  must  be  able  to  think  at  a  rate  of  at 
least  150  words  per  minute,  and  at  the  same  time  trace  the 
outlines  with  an  equal  degree  of  rapidity.  But  this  is  not  all. 
He  must  understand  what  he  is  writing  about.  A  stenographer 
is  not  a  successful  writer  of  shorthand  unless  he  fully  compre- 
hends the  meaning  of  the  words  that  are  being  rapidly  traced 
in  outlines.     A  mere  machine  stenographer  can  never  make  a 


PRINCIPLES.  Ill 

success  of  shorthand  writing;  and  unless  one  has  a  fair 
English  education  he  must  resolve  to  acquire  it  as  he  pursues 
the  study  of  shorthand,  or  else  he  need  not  expect  to  make  a 
success  of  the  art. 

In  order  to  reach  much  proficiency  in  the  art  of  shorthand 
writing  it  is  necessary  to  practice  a  great  amount  from  dicta- 
tion. After  you  have  completed  everything  in  the  text-book 
in  a  thorough  manner  you  should  begin  to  practice  on  outside 
matter. 

Further  reading  matter  correctly  outlined  for  practice 
will  be  found  in  carefully  graded  lessons  on  various  inter- 
esting and  practical  topics  in  the  New  Standard  Shorthand 
Reader,  and  also  in  McKee's  Shorthand  Magazine. 


llL'  NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


COURSE  OF  LESSONS  FOR  REVIEW  PRACTICE, 

Containing  a  carefully  graded  course  of  practical  matter 
arranged  in  the  same  order  as  the  instructions  which  have 
preceded,  and  carried  to  such  an  extent  as  will  furnish  the 
learner  with  a  sufficient  amount  of  practice  as  to  enable  him 
to  become  thoroughly  proficient  in  the  use  of  the  system. 

Note. — In  practicing  the  following  review  lessons  the  student  should 
strive  to  increase  his  speed  in  writing  at  each  lesson.  Rapid  writing  comes 
from  perfect  famiharity  with  correct  outHnes  for  words,  and  the  student 
should  first  be  able  to  write  every  word  in  a  lesson  without  a  moment's 
hesitation,  and  then  he  is  ready  to  practice  for  speed. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  113 


REVIEW   LESSONS. 


LESSON  1. 

ALPHABETIC  COMBINATIONS. 

At,  add,  ape,  ail,  aim,  age,  ash,  back,  beg,  boy,  ball,  bank,  bath, 
badge,  beech,  cake,  cook,  call,  care,  catch,  cheek,  chief,  chill,  coal, 
cow,  cup,  cash,  dash,  dare,  day,  deep,  deck,  die,  ditch,  dodge,  due, 
each,  eat,  ease,  ear,  ebb,  fall,  faith,  few,  fife,  five,  fool,  gig, 
gale,  goal,  hack,  hatch,  high,  home,  house,  how,  hung,  hush,  if,  in, 
eyes,  itch,  aisle,  join,  joy,  John,  Jane,  jail,  keep,  knife,  kill,  laugh, 
law,  line,  lame,  low,  lack,  leap,  liar,  mail,  make,  map,  match, 
mile,  mob,  mayor,  name,  new,  nice,  ninth,  on,  out,  oak,  oath,  own, 
pain,  pole,  patch,  peach,  pipe,  pinch,  pope,  pouch,  pair,  push,  quick, 
quack,  queer,  quoth,  quell,  reap,  rope,  rob,  rose,  rough,  row,  rush, 
royal,  sage,  saw,  sick,  sooth,  size,  sash,  take,  teach,  toil,  tooth,  top, 
touch,  type,  us,  up,  view,  wait,  wake,  walk,  war,  watch,  wave, 
weak,  web,  wedge,  weep,  weight,  when,  whip,  white,  who,  whom, 
wing. 


114  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  2. 

ALPIIAIJETIC  COMBINATIONS. 
Ida,  Nellie,  Mary,  Eva,  Philip,  lady,  shady,  easy,  any,  folly, 
sorry,  tarry,  happy,  narrow,  borrow,  sorrow,  pillow,  tallow,  laying, 
playing,  winning,  warning,  willing,  evening,  awning,  watching, 
chopping,  wedding,  fishing,  morning,  keeping,  pushing,  meaning, 
lining,  burning,  shipping,  airing,  ailing,  dealing,  calling,  waiting, 
loving,  sheath,  wreath,  hath,  wrath,  teeth,  fifth,  eighth,  depth,  youth, 
myth,  dash,  rash,  sash,  wash,  dish,  parish,  Irish,  marsh,  hush,  mica, 
pica,  idea,  data,  coach,  bench,  pinch,  match,  patch,  ditch,  ado, 
tatto,  ditto,  motto,  kitchen,  happen,  often,  even,  oven,  attic,  arrow, 
avail. 


LESSON   3. 

THE  HOOKS. 
Scare,  scarce,  scheme,  school,  sky,  slack,  sleep,  sling,  slow, 
sluggish,  small,  smile,  snap,  snare,  sneak,  snow,  spare,  sparrow; 
speaks,  speech,  spill,  squall,  square,  squeaks,  squire,  stacks,  stage, 
stairs,  stall,  stick,  steals,  steam,  steps,  stitch,  stop,  stores,  storm, 
keeps,  calls,  games,  term,  adorn,  realm,  alarm,  shorn,  barn,  burn, 
corn,  chicken,  bitten,  warm,  warn,  widen,  women,  thorn,  endorse, 
endow,  engine,  ensue,  entail,  index,  injury,  inquire,  intense,  invade, 
involve,  imbue,  immense,  impair,  impale,  impeach,  impure,  tears, 
doors,  mixes,  makes,  six,  lines,  cares,  kicks,  checks,  chips,  chills, 
pains,  pails,  bills,  pairs,  peaches,  catches,  teaches,  worse,  wits 
whines,    watches,    weeps,    walks,    homes. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  115 

LESSON  4. 

CONTRACTED  WORDS  AND  SENTENCES. 

I,  a,  you,  the,  tliat,  is,  as,  we,  why,  to,  do,  thing,  no,  my,  so, 
was,  pubHc,  be,  which,  judge,  wish,  will,  are,  or,  go,  question,  of, 
have,  he,   young. 

When  may  I  gc  and  see  the  new  school-house?  You  may  go  when  you 
have  nothing  else  to  do.  Are  you  sure  that  we  will  be  too  late  ?  Do  ycu 
know  that  is  so  ?  I  wish  you  to  be  the  judge  of  that  question.  He  was  1o 
do  that.  I  will  go  to  the  public  school  in  the  fall.  Which  will  you  have  ? 
The  young  men  will  see  to  that.  You  are  too  young  to  think  of  doing  that. 
How  do  you  know  that?  When  will  you  see  them  ?  I  know  he  will  do 
it.  Do  you  go  to  school  now  ?  How  do  you  know  that  he  will  do  as  the 
public  wish  ? 


LESSON   5. 

THE  HALVING  PRINCIPLE. 

Trade,  trail,  trap,  treaty,  trench,  trick,  troops,  drag,  drain,  drawer, 
dread,  dream,  drive,  dry,  prayer,  preacher,  prepare,  pretty,  prime, 
prior,  prop,  brain,  brave,  break,  breatli,  bride,  broker,  brush,  crack, 
cream,  crumb,  Greek,  green,  grain,  frail,  free,  fresh,  robber,  trader, 
better,  rider,  elder,  gender,  wafer,  offer,  ever,  eager,  ledger,  stagger, 
finger,  linger,  pitcher,  butcher,  voucher,  feather,  leather,  weather, 
father,  gather,  rather,  neither,  higher,  maker,  other,  speaker,  quaker, 
cracker,  toiler,  seller,  teller,  steamer,  paper,  leaper,  keeper,  wrapper, 
copper,  water,  winter,  latter,  letter,  matter,  fever,  lever,  driver,  hire, 
near,   sir,    learn. 


116    .  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

LESSON   G. 

THE  LENGTHENING  PRINaPLE. 

Act,  ticket,  talked,  walked,  old,  apt,  east,  end,  art,  malt,  guild, 
built,  slant,  quaint,  want,  bent,  rent,  intent,  joint,  point,  print,  start, 
quart,  short,  sport,  least,  last,  cost,  custom,  wild,  cold,  scold,  fold, 
hold,  land,  grand,  spend,  kind,  attend,  mind,  wind,  bound,  sound, 
board,    guard,    third,     sword,    attract,    advent,    agent,   offered,    opened. 

"  And  God  said  let  there  be  light  and  there  was  light,  and  CJod  saw  that 
it  was  good."  He  said  he  thought  the  boy  could  write  and  read,  but  I  do 
not  think  so. 

Note. — The  following  words  can  be  written  by  lengtliening  the  first 
character  and  placing  the  vowel  at  tlie    end  of  tlie  stroke  : 

Head,  dead,  lead,  bed,  red,  caught,  rate,  late,  neat,  seat,  load, 
road,   coat,   suit,   paid. 


LESSON  T. 

MINUTING  PRINCIPLE. 

Plant,  plea,  plate,  plead,  pledge,  plenty,  blank,  black,  blemish, 
blind,  claim,  claw,  clear,  climb,  flesh,  typical,  critical,  optical,  vocal, 
able,  agreeable,  fable,  liable,  table,  suitable,  stable,  taxable,  feeble, 
bible,  credible,  marble,  double,  miracle,  oracle,  flexible,  scramble, 
humble,  noble,  fiddle,  middle,  idle,  rifle,  trifle,  eagle,  equal,  giggle, 
speckle,  ankle,  cripple,  staple,  couple,  title,  settle,  travel,  level, 
bevel,   civil,   anvil,   devil,    faithful,   skillful,  youthful,  joyful. 

Note. — In  the  following  words  the  vowel  should  be  written  in  a  pen- 
dant manner,  as  the  tick  strokes  are  too  short  to  admit  of  turning  the  loops 
in  the  usual  way : 

Plough,   plume,  blue,   clue,   clock,   cloud,   club,   flew,    bubble. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  117 

LESSON  8. 

REVERSING  PRINCIPLE. 

Gas,  pass,  days,  this,  those,  thus,  thousand,  dozen,  present, 
pleasant,  chosen,  frozen,  blossom,  case,  cask,  fast,  taste,  desk,  task, 
bask,  physical,  post,  cheese,  boys,  toys,  joys,  classical,  visible,  stays, 
splice,  ask,  aspire,  esquire,  ascribe,  escape,  wisp,  wasp,  whiskers, 
esteem,  easter,  oyster,  instead,  institute,  instance,  inspire,  inscribe, 
instill,  happens,  opens,  mittens,  suspend,  suspect,  suspense,  suspicious, 
sustain,  system,  systems,  sister,  basis,  passes,  chooses,  faces,  prices, 
access,    abscess,   ellipses,   taxes,   mixes,   deeds,   thoughts,    coats. 


LESSON   9. 

SUBORDINATE  RULES. 

College,  privilege,  indulge,  allege,  knowledge,  legible,  legion, 
legitimate,  lodgment,  illegible,  apology,  register,  regiment,  origin, 
original,  arch,  collect,  elect,  electricity,  election,  elector,  record, 
liquor,  like,  regulate,  recollect,  recognized,  organized,  nation,  fascination, 
information,  estimation,  oration,  vibration,  fashion,  desolation,  violation, 
speculation,  declaration,  regulation,  station,  agitation,  evolution, 
involution,  edition,  tuition,  emotion,  ambition,  imposition,  tradition, 
auction,  option,  intention,  attention,  invention,  prevention,  attraction, 
dictionary,  stationary,  missionary,  visionary,  exact,  examine,  exceed, 
excel,      except,     exchange,      exclaim,      excruciating,      excuse,    executor. 


lis  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

exempt,  exercise,  exhaust,  exhibition,  exigency,  existence,  expect, 
expedient,  experience,  explain,  export,  expression,  extemporaneous, 
exterior,   extinguish,    extraordinary,   extravagance. 

Note. — Words  beginning  with  inex  and  unex  should  be  written  by 
omitting  the  x  dot  and  writing  the  syllable  in  or  un  in  place  of  the  dot. 
The  pen  is  lifted  after  writing  the  in  or  un  syllable  and  the  latter  part  of 
the  word  written  the  same  as  though  the  x  dot  had  been  used. 

Inexact,  inexhaustible,  unexpected,    inexperienced,    inexpensive. 


LESSON    10. 

CONTRACTED  OUTLINES. 

There,  during,  great,  proper,  judge,  brought,  for,  very,  more,  nor, 
swore,  large,  hear,  gentlemen,  shall,  rule,  did,  said,  not,  to-do, 
might,  could,,  right,  let,  but,  put,  should,  with,  would,  what,  Jesus, 
cases,  possess,  process,  then,  time,  been,  can,  come,  general,  run, 
long,  shown,  him,  soon,  some,  man,  bring,  sworn,  crime,  course, 
force,  purpose,  does,  most,  less,  race,  best,  secure,  spirit,  strength, 
second,   stand,    such. 

During  all  that  time  he  did  not  write  to  me.  What  course  do  you  think 
is  best  for  bringing  the  people  to  church?  He  said  he  would  come  very 
soon,  but  it  is  now  long  past  church  time.  That  will  be  the  proper  time  to 
see  him,  of  course.  Now  is  the  time  for  all  good  people  to  secure  strength 
and  take  a  stand  against  tlie  mighty  liquor  traffic. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  119 

LESSON   11. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 

Because,  before,  befall,  being,  begin,  l^elong,  besides,  betray, 
debase,  decision,  deface,  depose,  defend,  defensive,  d^orm,  degener- 
ation, delay,  deliberate,  deliver,  delight,  determine,  deteriorate, 
detract,  receive,  reciprocal,  reciprocity,  recuperate,  regard,  regret, 
reconnoiter,  repentance,   replevin,  reporter,   reproach,  resort. 

Note. — In  the  following  words  beginning  with  con  and  con,  the 
syllables  con  and  com  should  be  written  out  by  use  of  the  /-stroke  and  n 
hook. 

Command,  commander,  commemorate,  comment,  commerce, 
commercial,  commission,  conclusion,  concordance,  conglomeration, 
congratulate,  congregation,  congress,  conquer,  conquest,  consecration, 
consecutive. 

Certificate,  ceremony,  surface,  surname,  surpass,  surprise,  surround, 
survive,  surveyor,  permission,  produce,  profession,  project,  propel, 
protract,   protest,  provision. 


LESSON    12. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 

Disagreeable,  disappoint,  disorder,  disaster,  disburse,  discern,  disciple, 
discipline,  discompose,  discontinue,  discourage,  discrepancy,  discrimi- 
nate, disfigure,  dishonest,  dishonor,  dislike,  disobedience,  disposal, 
dispute,  disregard,  disrespectful,  dissipation,  dissolve,  dissyllable, 
distinction,     distinguish,       distribute,      misapprehension,      miscalculation. 


120  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

mischievous,  misconstrue,  miserable,  misfortune,  misinform,  mispro- 
nounce, misrepresent,  mistrust,  misunderstood,  self-conceit,  self-esteem, 
selfish,  itself,  himself,  yourself,  myself,  herself,  themselves,  ourselves, 
seminary,  senatorial,  sensible,  sensual,  sentence,  sentiment,  senti- 
mental, sincere,  singing,  singular,  summary,  summons,  sundries, 
somebody,  somehow,  something,  sometimes,  transact,  transcend, 
transcribe,  transfer,  transfiguration,  transformation,  transgression, 
transitory,   transparent,   transportation. 

Note. — When  the  syllable  dis  is  followed  by  the  n  or  ;;/  hook,  as  in 
disengage,  the  syllable  dis  should  be  written  out  in  full,  that  is  by  reversing 
the  i  on  the  d  stroke. 

Disengage,  disinterested,  disembodied,  disintegration,  disinfect, 
disinherit,   disembark. 


LESSON    13. 

FINAL  SYLLABLES. 
Adage,  manage,  marriage,  average,  message,  cottage,  image,  usage, 
storage,  carriage,  mucilage,  patronage,  baggage,  village,  homage, 
visage,  postage,  voyage,  recede,  proceed,  proceedings,  decide,  consider, 
besides,  desist,  consist,  resist,  persist,  assist,  deserve,  observe, 
conservative,  subserve,  preserve,  reserve,  preservation,  afflict,  confiict, 
autograph,  lithograph,  photograph,  paragraph,  stenographer,  geology, 
theology,  phraseology,  physiology,  phrenology,  biology,  etymology, 
doxology,  apology,  theological,  chronological,  preparatory,  observatory, 
transitory,  purgatory,  laboratory,  victory,  repository,  depository, 
territory,  childhood,  manhood,  falsehood,  brotherhood,  sisterhood, 
boyhood,    girlhood,    neighl)orhood. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  121 

LESSON   14. 

CONSONANT  OUTLINES. 

Assist,     among,     amount,    balance,    became,    begin,   behind,   beyond, 

belief,     believe,      between,      both,      brother,    book,     carpenter,    chance, 

character,  child,    correspond,    clerk,    criminal,    culture,     danger,   direct, 

develop,     disease,     duty,     dwell,     expense,     experience,      flower,     fact, 

farther,     find,     first,     fire,     frequent,     friend,     from,     future,    give-gave, 

govern,    health,    help,    half,    hope,     heard-hard,    loss,  life,    live.   Lord, 

mark,     modern,     material,     moral,     member,     move,     much,      murder, 

never,     nevertheless,      north,      notes,     number,     one,      part,        person, 

policy,   power,   plural-ity,  political,    possible,    principle,    profit,   provide, 

qualify,     quarter,    reason,     race,     receive,      remember,     result,     spoke, 

secretary,     sell,     slavery,     student,      study,     sudden,      success,      thank, 

together,    word,    worth,  work,    world. 

Note. — The   following   words   can   also   be   best  represented  by  their 
consonant  outlines: 

Birth,   bound,    correct,  flame,    guilt-y,    lost,   plan-plain. 


LESSON   15. 

WORDS  OF  FREQUENT  OCCURRENCE  AND  PHRASE 
WRITING. 

Act,     acts,    active,     ask,      any,     all,     again,     against,     age,      before, 

because,     being,    better,     case,    cases,     careful,     certain,    death,    doubt, 

even,    ever,   effort,    earth,    entirely,   fast,    follow,    enter,  found,  happiness, 

honest,    home,    human,     how,    wb        house,     horse,     in,    if,   last,    least. 


12.2  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

letter,  little,  love,  land,  man,  men,  neither,  name,  nature,  natural, 
next,  offer,  officer,  over,  open,  on,  out,  pass,  please,  price,  quick, 
quit,  write,  read,  scholar,  speak,  true,  tell,  teller,  through,  thought, 
them,    us,    up,    upon,    value,    west,    when,    youth,    yes,    yesterday. 

That  is  not  true  at  the  present  time.  We  will  not  he  able  to  help  you  at 
present.  I  do  not  think  they  are  to  be  there.  It  seems  to  me  that  in  many 
cases  that  would  not  be  true.  What  is  your  opinion  of  the  matter  by  this 
ume  ?  It  has  been  some  time  since  we  were  there.  Uo  you  know  the 
defendant  in  this  action  ?  Yes,  sir,  I  met  him  some  years  ago.  I  believe 
we  shall  in  the  course  of  time  be  able  to  comply  with  your  request. 


LESSON   10. 

FORMATION  OF  OUTLINES  AND  DERIVATIVE  WORDS. 

Actual,  habitual,  congratulate,  intellect,  perpetual,  perpetrate, 
suasion,  betwixt,  assignee,  susceptible,  behave,  behalf,  perhaps, 
exhibit,  took,  stock,  doctor,  know,  stop,  drying,  drink,  paying,  pang, 
almost,  already,  almighty,  although,  altogether,  also,  always,  forbear, 
foreclose,  forget,  forenoon,  former,  foresee,  forethought,  forgive, 
forgot,  formation,  foretell,  forwarded,  hereto,  hereby,  hereon,  here- 
after, herein,  heretofore,  herewith,  hereupon,  hercinto,  hereat,  outcome, 
outrage,  outbreak,  outfit,  outgrown,  outlook,  outnumber,  outset,  outer, 
outstanding,  outstretch,  outwork,  outward,  overhead,  overrule, 
overland,  overlook,  overpower,  overtake,  whereby,  wherefor,  whereon, 
A-hereof,  whereto,  wherewith,  wherever,  withdrawn,  withheki,  withhold, 
without,  withstood,  thereby,  therefore,  thereat,  thereafter,  therein, 
thereon,  thereto,  thereupon,  therewith,  whatever,  whichever, 
Afhosoever,    whatsoever,    wheresoever,    whichsoever. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  12;-' 

LESSON   IT. 

SIMILAR  WORDS  DISTINGUISHED. 
Arms,  armies,  another,  author,  county,  country,  corporal,  corporeal, 
defense,  defiance,  dead,  death,  ditter,  defer,  diseased,  deceased,  dozen, 
thousand,  emigration,  immigration,  further,  farther,  flee,  fly,  forget, 
forgot,  fav*ored,  favoiite,  fire-fear,  fair-far,  fight,  fit,  genteel,  gentle, 
genius,  genuine,  guaranty,  guarantee,  however,  whoever,  human, 
humane,  herein,  hereon,  indebted,  indicted,  ingenuous,  ingenious,  into, 
unto,  little,  letter,  man,  men,  patron,  pattern,  proscribe,  prescribe,  p'^or, 
pure,  quit-quite,  quiet,  read,  write,  sent,  send,  true-truth,  through,  this, 
these,  yourself,  yourselves,  unavoidable,  inevitable,  veracity,  voracity, 
youth,  out. 

LESSON   18. 

SHORTHAND  NOTATION. 
Three  hundred,  nine  hundred,  forty-three  hundred,  seven  thousand, 
ten  thousand,  four  hundred  thousand,  one  hundred  thousand,  four 
million,  three  million,  five  hundred  thousand,  ten  dollars,  three 
hundred  dollars,  four  million  dollars,  one  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
twenty-five  hundred  dollars,  two  years,  three  months,  four  weeks,  ten 
days,  twelve  hours,  thirty  minutes,  forty  seconds,  four  pounds,  three 
shillings,  six  pence,  seventy  bu.  at  ninety  cents  per  bushel,  eight  per 
cent  per  annum,  four  miles,  six  feet,  eight  inches,  nine  times  out  of 
ten,  ninety-nine  times  out  of  a  hundred,  three  or  four,  four  or  five, 
six  or  seven,  three  by  four,  four  by  six,  four  and  a  half  by  six  feet, 
six  feet  four  inches  by  four  feet  two  inches. 


124  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


LESSON   19. 

REPORTING  CONTRACTIONS. 

About,  according,  advantage,  advertise,  appropriate,  after,  accomplisb, 
another,  business,  capable,  convenient  convenience,  christian-christianity, 
circumstances,  chapter,  common,  commence,  defendant,  estabHsh, 
famihar-famiharity,  glory,  hand,  ignorant,  language,  magnificent- 
magnificence,  necessary,  necessity,  object,  notwithstanding,  order- 
ordinary,  opportunity,  propose,  particular,  peculiar,  period,  re[iresent, 
people,  plaintiff,  revolution,  perpendicular-perpendicularity,  revelation, 
suggest,  sufficient,  scripture,  signify-significant,  superintend- superin- 
tendent, whether,  king,  kingdom. 

He  is  perfectly  familiar  with  the  peculiar  circumstances,  notwith- 
standing the  disadvantage  he  is  put  to  through  their  ignorance  of  the 
scriptures. 

The  revolution  was  a  revelation  to  the  Christian  people  of  the 
kingdom. 

They  propose  to  establish  a  business  which  shall  represent  the  best 
interests  of  the  people,  but  whether  they  will  succeed  or  not  cannot  at 
this  period  be  ascertained. 

The  defendant  will  object  to  the  advantage  taken  by  the  plaintiff. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  125 

LESSON   20. 

DICTATION  EXERCISE. 

THE    WANT   OF    THE   AGE. 

"  It  has  been  truly  said  that  the  great  want  of  the  age  is  men.  Men  of 
thought ;  men  of  action.  Men  who  are  not  for  sale.  Men  who  are  honest 
to  the  heart's  core.  Men  who  will  condemn  wrong  in  friend  or  foe  in 
themselves  as  well  as  others.  Men  whose  consciences  are  as  steady  as  the 
needle  to  the  pole.  Men  who  will  stand  for  right  if  the  heavens  totter  and 
the  earth  reels.  Men  who  can  tell  the  truth  and  look  the  world  and  the 
devil  right  in  the  eye.  Men  who  can  have  courage  without  whistling  for 
it,  and  joy  without  shouting  to  bring  it.  Men  through  whom  the  current  of 
everlasting  life  runs  still  and  deep  and  strong.  Men  too  large  for  certain 
limits,  and  too  strong  for  sectarian  bands.  Men  who  know  their  message 
and  tell  it.  Men  who  know  their  place  and  till  it.  Men  who  mind  their 
own  business.  Men  who  will  not  lie.  Men  who  are  not  too  lazy  to  work, 
nor  too  proud  to  be  poor.  When  in  the  office,  the  workshop,  the  counting- 
room,  the  bank,  in  every  place  of  trust  and  responsibility,  we  can  have 
such  men  as  these,  we  shall  have  a  Christian  civilization — the  highest  and 
best  the  world  ever  saw." 


LESSON   21. 

REPORTING  PHRASES. 
At  least,  at  last,  at  the  time,  at  this  time,  at  that  time,  at  all  events, 
by  the  way,  by  no  means,  further  than,  for  instance,  here  and  there, 
House  of  Representatives,  in  a  few  days,  in  the  first  place,  in  the 
second  place,  in  order  to,  I  do  not  know,  I  do  not  think,  in  such 
manner,  it  is  necessary,  it  will  be  remembered,  in  some  cases.  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen,  Mr.  President,  on  the  contrary,  on  the  one  hand, 
on  the  other  hand,  once  in  a  while,  party  of  the  first  part,  party  of  the 


126  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

second  part,  young  men  and  women,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  by  the  court, 
county  court,  counsel  for  the  defendant,  counsel  for  the  plaintiff,  cro-s 
examination,  do  you  recollect,  do  you  remember,  direct  examination, 
grand  jury,  habeas  corpus,  how  long  have  you  been,  I  cannot 
remember,  I  do  not  remember,  I  have  not  been,  I  will  not  be,  learned 
counsel,  objection  sustained,  objection  overruled,  prisonci"  at  the  bar, 
re-direct  examination,  Superior  Court,  what  is  your  business,  what  is 
your  occupation,  your  Honor,  verdict  of  the  jury. 

THEOLOGICAL  PHRASES. 
Almighty  God,  Christ  Jesus,     Holy    Ghost,    Jesus   Christ,  kingdom  of 
heaven,   kingdom    of    God,    Lord    and    Savior,  resurrection  of  the  body, 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  Savior  ol  the  world,  Son  of  God. 


LESSON   22. 

COMMERCIAL    EXPRESSIONS. 

In  reply  to  your  favor  of  the  loth  instant,  we  beg  to  state. 

We  are  just  in  receipt  of  your  favor  enclosing  draft  for  ^i6. 

Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  4th  instant  was  received  to  day. 

In  answer  to  yours  of  the  15th  instant  we  desire  to  say. 

Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  7th  is  at  hand  and  contents  noted. 

Your  favor  of  the  l6th  is  at  hand  witli  prices  and  terms,  whiOh  we  fmd 
entirely  satisfactory. 

We  beg  leave  to  introduce  to  you  tlie  bearer  of  tliis  letter,  Mr.  Thomas 
Neland. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  127 

Hoping  to  hear  from  you  l>y  return  mail,  we  remain. 

We  ship  you  to-day  per  Am.  Ex.  Co  the  goods  ordered  on  the  loth. 

Please  acknowledge  receipt  of  goods  by  return  mail  and  oblige. 

Hoping  that  these  terms  will  be  satisfactory,  we  are,  Very  truly  yours. 

You  will  greatly  oblige  us  by  giving  this  your  prompt  attention. 

We  regret  very  much  that  we  are  unable  to  execute  your  order  of  the 
19th. 

Trusting  that  we  may  be  favored  with  your  orders,  we  remain. 

We  are  sorry  to  say  that  it  is  wholly  out  of  our  power  to  fill  your  order. 


LESSON   23. 

BUSINESS  LETTER. 
Dear  Sir. 

Yours  of  the  6th  instant,  asking  what  the  chances  are  for  obtaining 
employment  in  the  railroad  business  in  this  city,  is  just  at  hand. 

I  am  sorry  to  say  that  I  am  not  able  to  speak  very  encouragingly  on  the 
subject.  There  are  no  railroads  here  of  any  importance  outside  of  those 
operated  by  this  company.  Our  offices  are  fully  supplied  with  all  the  clerks 
we  shall  probably  want  this  season,  as  we  are  now  doing  about  our  heaviest 
business. 

If  you  were  here  it  is  possible  you  might  be  able  to  get  something  to  do. 
but  I  would  not  advise  you  to  take  chances.  You  speak  of  being  the  chief 
clerk  in  the  office  where  you  are  now  located,  and  I  should  suppose  that 
your  present  position  is  very  much  better  than  you  could  hope  to  secure  at 
once  out  here.  Any  help  which  may  possibly  be  taken  on  this  fall  will,  no 
doubt,  be  merely  temporary,  and  of  course  you  want  nothing  of  that  kind. 

I  frequently  receive  just  such  letters  as  yours,  and  to  all  I  say  candidly 
that  if  any  person  has  a  good  position  in  the  East  he  had  better  hold  on  to  it. 
Yours  respectfully. 


128  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON   24. 

BUSINESS  LETTER. 
Dear  Sir. 

We  herewith  enclose  you  a  hst  of  discounts  and  net  prices,  which  we 
are  prepared  to  allow  you  at  the  present  time  for  your  orders. 

It  is  perhaps  unnecessary  for  us  to  mention  that  we  are  prepared  to 
handle  this  trade  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner,  and  to  offer  goods  at  the 
very  lowest  prices  consistent  with  uniformity  and  reliability  in  every  partic- 
ular. 

We  are  desirous  of  securing  your  business,  and  would  highly  appreciate 
an  opportunity  to  figure  with  you  on  special  orders.  We  will  bring  to  bear 
every  facility  we  enjoy  to  name  to  you  discounts  at  least  a  shade  lower 
than  you  can  get  elsewhere.  If  you  would  like  samples,  a  member  of  our 
firm  will  call  upon  you  with  them,  and  fully  explain  the  merits  of  our 
goods. 

A  call  here  at  cur  store  will  convince  you  of  our  ability  to  handle  your 
orders  promptly,  and  supply  you  with  goods  that  cannot  fail  to  render 
entire  satisfaction.  Anticipating  a  conference  with  you  at  an  early  date, 
we  are, 

Very  truly  yours. 


LESSON   25. 

REASONS  OF  FAILURE. 

"  I  would  name,  first,  a  lack  of  special  preparation  on  the  part  of  young 
men  for  a  special  occupation  or  profession.  Most  boys  get  a  fair  general 
education,  and  when  that  is  done,  take  hold  of  the  thing  which  promises 
the  most  immediate  return  for  their  labor,  not  stopping  to  look  forward  to 
the  end,  or  to  consult  their  adaptability  to  the  business  or  profession. 
Some  look  only  to  see  what  standing  it  will  give  them  in  society;  others 
consider  if  it  will  enable  them  to  dress  in  fine  clothing  and  make  a  good 
appearance. 


REVIEW   LESSONS.  129 

"  Next  stands  the  mistake  of  young  men  in  being  in  too  much  of  a  hurry 
to  spend  money  as  fast  as  others,  a  desire  to  be  considered  in  better 
circumstances  than  they  really  are,  and  a  pressure  to  get  ahead  faster  than 
they  learn  their  business.  In  this  way  one  often  climbs  a  ladder  before  the 
foundation  is  made  secure ;  and  afterwards,  when  he  has  to  take  the 
responsibility,  does  not  know  all  his  business,  and  has  to  entrust  a  part  of 
it  to  others,  and  does  not  know  whether  they  are  doing  it  right  or  not.  By 
and  by,  when  he  thinks  he  is  safe  and  beyond  danger,  the  foundation 
corner,  which  he  trusted  to  some  one  else,  has  given  way,  and  he  is  over- 
thrown. He  needs  to  know  his  whole  business,  so  that  he  can  tell  when 
it  is  done  right. 

"  Another  great  mistake  is,  that  when  a  young  man  sees  his  name  on  a 
sign,  he  is  apt  to  think  that  his  fortune  is  made,  and  so  begins  to  spend 
money  as  if  he  had  already  got  beyond  any  chance  of  failure.  Another 
common  mistake  is,  that  men,  old  as  well  as  young,  are  too  ready  to  use 
their  credit,  not  realizing  that  the  goods  bought  on  credit  are  not  theirs, 
and  that  a  pay-day  is  coming.  When  they  find  their  notes  coming  due, 
and  have  not  the  money  to  pay  them,  they  are  tempted  to  sell  goods  with- 
out a  profit,  for  the  sake  of  getting  the  money,  or  a  note  which  they  can 
turn  into  money.  Just  the  moment  a  man  is  obliged  to  do  that,  he  is  not 
a  master  of  his  own  business  ;  and,  as  a  rule,  it  is  only  a  matter  of  a  little 
time  when  he  will  have  to  go  down.  Let  a  young  man  fear  God,  be 
industrious,  know  his  business,  spend  a  little  less  than  he  earns,  and 
success  is  sure." 


LESSON    2G. 

COURT  PROCEEDINGS,  MAY   lo,  1883. 

THE   PLAINTIFF    STATED    HIS    CASE   TO    THE   JURY. 

Levi  Evans,  sworn  on  behalf  of  the  plaintiff,  testified  as  follows  : 
Q.     Are  you  acquainted  with  the  defendant?     A.     Yes,  sir;      I  know 
him. 

Q.    You  may  examine  that  note.     (Paper  handed  witness.) 
9 


130  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

Q.  Was  there  a  time  when  you  went  to  Johnstown  and  presented  that 
note  to  the  defendant  ?     A.     Ves,  sir. 

Q.    When  was  that?     A.    That  was  in  December,  I  tliink. 

Q.     December  of  what  year  ?     A.     In  1S79. 

Q.  You  may  state  whether  he  admitted  the  execution  of  that  note? 
A.    He  did. 

Q.    Was  the  note  then  in  its  present  condition?     A.     Ves,  sir;  it  was. 

Mr.  Van  F'leet :   I  now  offer  tlie  note  in  evidence. 

Cross  exa?nination  by  I^Ii'.  Norton. 

Q.  Vou  say  it  was  in  December,  1879,  when  you  were  at  Johnstown? 
A.     I  think  it  was. 

Q.    Wiiat  did  you  go  there  for  ?     A.    To  get  some  money. 
Q.     On  this  note  ?     A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now  when  did  you  first  show  the  defendant  the  note  after  you  got 
there  ?  A.  I  didn't  show  it  to  him  until  after  he  and  I  made  up  a 
statement. 

Q.  You  and  he  figured  some  before  you  showed  him  the  note  ?  A. 
Yes,  sir. 

Q.  You  testified  when  Mr.  ^'an  Fleet  asked  you  about  it,  that  he 
admitted  the  execution  of  the  note,  and  was  going  to  pay  it.  A.  He  said 
he  signed  tlie  note  and  was  going  to  pay  it. 

Q.    Now  wasn't  there  some  talk  between  you  and  Mr.  Denning  at  that 

time  about  the  note  being  for  $75  or  $150?  A.  No,  sir;  there  wasn't  a 
word  said  about  the  note ;   what  it  was  for. 

Q.    Did  he  look  at  the  note  at  that  time?  A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now  while  you  were  there  that  day,  he  offered  to  pay  you  some 
money  on  the  note,  did  he  not?  A.  Yes,  sir;  he  offered  to  pay  me  some 
money. 

Q.  And  while  he  was  there  was  this  endorsement  written  on  this  note; 
"  Received  on  the  within,  $39.94"?     A.     Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Van  Fleet :  To  that  I  object. 

The  Court :    I  think  perhaps  we  are  entitled  to  have  all  there  was  of  it. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  131 

Mr.  Van  Fleet :  You  don't  lake  it  as  evidence  of  payment? 

The  Court :  No. 

Q.  Now  at  that  time — when  he  offered  to  pay  you — you  consented  tlial 
this  should  be  put  on,  and  he  was  to  pay  you  the  balance  of  the  amount  on 
the  note  ?     A.    Will  you  allow  me  to  tell  what  was  said  ? 

Q.  No,  sir;  you  answer  my  question.  You  consented  that  he  should 
put  this  on  and  then  he  was  going  to  pay  you  the  balance?  A.  No,  sir; 
that  was  not  the  way  of  it. 

Q.  As  a  matter  of  fact  after  this  was  put  on  he  offered  to  pay  you  some- 
thing— about  $40,  or  more  ?     A.    No,  sir. 

Q.  IIow  much  was  it  he  offered  to  pay  you?  A.  He  said  he  had 
^32.00,  but  he  would  not  let  me  take  it  and  count  it. 

Q.  He  offered  to  pay  you  ^32.00  if  you  would  take  it  and  accept  it? 
A.  He  offered  me  a  roll  of  money  but  he  would  not  let  me  take  it  and 
count  it. 

Q.  He  offered  you  some  money  which  he  said  was  about  $32.00,  and 
you  wouldn't  accept  it?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.    You  claimed  it  should  be  more  ?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now  $32.00  in  addition  to  this  $39.34  would  have  been  sufficient  to 
have  paid  the  amount  due  you  on  this  note,  wouldn't  it?  A.  Why  I 
presume  so,  if  that  had  been  put  on  there  for  a  payment. 

Q.  Did  he  say  he  would  pay  you  $32.00,  or  was  it  about  $38.00  that 
he  offered  you  ?     A.    No,  sir;  he  didn't  say  $38.00  at  all,  he  said  $32.00. 

Redirect  exai/iiiiation  by  Mr.   Vaii  Fleet. 

Q.  I  understood  you  to  say  that  he  had  this  note  in  his  hands  and  made 
this  endorsement  upon  its  back?  A.  Yes,  sir-  in  December  after  I  was 
there. 

Q.  And  he  admitted  its  ex';cution  after  an  examination  of  it  ?  A.  Yes, 
sir. 

Mr.  Norton:  What  did  he  say  about  admitting  its  execution?  A.  He 
said  he  signed  all  of  those  notes. 

Q.    There  were  several  others  spoken  of?     A.    Yes,  sir;  several. 

Mr.  Van  Fleet :  And  he  did  not  say  anything  about  any  alterations  in 
the  note  ?     A.     No,  sir?  he  did  not. 


i;32  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

Mr.  Van  Fleet :     I  now  read  the  note  in  evidence : 
§75.00.  Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  May  14th,  1875. 

For  value  received  we  jointly  and  severally  agree  to  pay  Levi  Evans 
seventy-five  dollars,  sixty  days  from  date. 

J.  G.  Denning. 
C.  C.  Denning. 
Plaintiff  Rests. 

■Mr.  Norton  :  The  defendant  moves  for  a  nonsuit,  upon  the  ground  that 
the  plaintiff" has  not  proved  facts  sufficient  to  concede  cause  of  action;  that 
there  is  a  fatal  variance  between  the  complaint  and  the  proof;  that  the 
complaint  asks  and  demands  judgment  on  a  note  for  ;?  150.00,  describing 
it,  while  the  note  offered  in  evidence  is  a  note  for  ^75.00;  and  also  upon 
the  further  ground  that  there  have  been  material  alterations  in  the  note 
which  it  does  not  appear  were  made  with  the  consent  of  the  defendant. 

Motion  denied ;  exception  taken. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Denning,  defendant,  sworn  and  examined  by  Mr.  Norton, 
testifies  as  follows : 

Q.    Where  do  you  reside  ?     A.    Johnstown. 

Q.    What  is  your  occupation  ?     A.     A  physician  and  surgeon. 

Q.     How  long  have  you  lived  there  ?     A.    P'ourteen  years. 

Q.    Where  did  this  brother  of  yours  reside?     A.     Andover. 

Q.    This  J.  G.  Denning  was  your  brother?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.    When  did  he  die?     A.    I  think  it  was  in  September,  1879. 

Q.  Now,  Doctor,  you  signed  this  note,  C.  C.  Denning,  did  you  ?  (note 
shown  to  witness.)     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  When  you  signed  that  note  was  it  in  the  same  condition,  and  did  it 
have  the  same  appearance  which  it  has  now  ?     A.    No,  sir. 

Q.  What  changes  appear  to  have  been  made  since  you  signed  it  ? 
A.  The  date  of  May  12  has  been  changed  to  May  14;  in  the  body  of  the 
note  a  part  of  the  seven  has  been  erased  and  a  cipher  added  to  the  right  of 
the  five. 

Q.  These  changes  have  been  made  since  the  note  left  your  possession  ? 
A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.    Were  they  made  with  your  knowledge  or  consent  ?     A.     No,  sir. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  133 

Q.  Doctor,  what  was  the  consideration  to  you  upon  this  note  ?  A. 
There  wasn't  any. 

Q.    You  merely  signed  it  for  accommodation  ?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now,  when  Mr.  Evans  came  to  your  office,  what  was  the  conversa- 
tion in  there,  that  you  recollect?  A.  He  told  me  he  had  come  to  settle 
up;  I  asked  him  if  he  had  the  note  with  him  and  he  said  he  had  ;  I  asked 
him  to  let  me  see  it ;  I  took  the  note  and  turned  it  over  and  looked  at  the 
back,  and  I  said  to  him  "  there  has  been  ^40.00  paid  on  this  note,  hasn't 
there"  ?  He  said  yes.  I  said  to  him  you  endorse  what  has  been  paid  on 
the  note  and  I  will  either  pay  you  the  balance  or  give  you  my  note  due  in 
three  weeks. 

Q.  But  you  didn't  notice  the  other  alterations ?  A.  No,  sir;  not  until 
afterwards. 

Q.  Did  you  ever  intend  in  any  way  to  write  this  note  as  it  appears  to  be 
altered  ?     A.    No,  sir. 

Cross  examination  by  Mr.   Van  Fleet. 

Q.  When  did  you  first  notice  the  alterations  in  the  figures  in  the  body 
of  the  note  ?  A.  I  think  it  was  at  Andover  during  the  first  suit ;  I  think 
Mr.  Scott  called  my  attention  to  the  change  in  it  at  that  time. 

Q.  Was  there  anything  said  at  Andover  in  regard  to  the  alterations  ? 
A.    We  put  in  no  evidence  that  I  know  of. 

Q.  You  had  this  note  in  your  hands  and  looked  at  it  did  you  not  ? 
A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  you  not  claim  to  Evans  that  the  note  was  given  as  security  foi 
sixty  days'  milk  ? 

Mr.  Norton  :    I  object  to  that,  it  is  immaterial. 

Objection  overruled ;  exception  taken. 
A.    I  think  I  told  Evans  that  I  signed  that  note  with  my  brother. 

Re-direct  examination  by  Air.  Norton. 

Q.  You  say  that  your  understanding  was  from  Mr.  Evans  that  this  note 
was  given  to  secure  the  first  sixty  days'  milk  ?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.    That  you  had  no  interest  in  it  whatever?     A.     No,  sir;  none  at  all. 

Q.  And  whatever  was  paid  was  to  be  endorsed  on  the  note?  A.  Yes 
sir ;  that  is  the  way  I  understood  it. 


KEY  TO  THE  SHORTHAND 
PLATES 


COMBINATIONS,  Page  29. 

5. — high,  shy,  lie,  rye,  sigh,  tie,  thy.  6. — ill,  in,  ice,  eyes,  if,  it,  oil. 
7. — hoe,  show,  low,  row,  sew,  how,  now.  8. — day,  they,  pay,  ray,  lay, 
saw,  law.  9. — ale,  air,  ?.n,  ache,  ape,  awl,  aught.  10. — hew,  sue,  new, 
due,  your,  us,  up.  11. — date,  taught,  take,  talk,  tan,  tar.  12. — Oil, 
fell,  fail,  pare,  poor,  bear.  13. — pick,  back,  pan,  line,  pail,  rail  14. — 
name,  main,  nine,  says,  size. 

COMBIN.\TIONS,  continued,    Page  33. 

2. — dash,  cash,  chief,  peach,  fair,  dish.  3. — edit,  attain,  attire,  attic, 
audit.  4. — tally,  folly,  holy,  happy,  tarry,  sorry.  5. — follow,  sorrow, 
hollow,  narrow,  borrow,  thorough.  6. — delay,  allay,  array,  easy,  any, 
saucy.  7. — death,  path,  hath,  bath,  youth,  faith.  8. — paying,  failing, 
aiming,  keeping,  evening.  9. — pop,  tooth,  rope,  cup,  top,  love.  11. — 
win,  wise,  wire,  wish,  wide,  wit.  12. — wear,  wash,  wake,  wait,  wail, 
wade.     13. — whine,  when,  whale,  wheat,  wheel,  whip. 

THE  HOOKS,  Page  35. 

4. — school,  skill,  skate,  sketch,  scare,  spire.  5. — snake,  snare,  slack, 
sleep,  smell,  snail.  6. — dimes,  lines,  pens,  names,  pains,  chains.  7. — 
pails,  chills,  fails,  makes,  takes,  pairs.  10. — storm,  arm,  alarm,  elm, 
film,  term.  11. — inside,  inmate,  inlet,  inquire,  entire,  enjoin.  12. — 
impair,  impeach,  immense,  insure,  engage,  endorse.  13. — I  am  sure  he 
saw  into  your  scheme. 

SENTENCES,  Page  37. 

1. — I  know  he  will  do  as  you  or  I  wish.  2. — I  will  take  that  as  I  know 
you  are  lame.  3. — You  are  to  be  the  judge  of  that  question.  4. — That 
will  be  of  no  use  to  you  now.     5. — We  will  go  and  see  if  that  is  so. 


136  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

6. — That   was  the  thing  to  do  at  that  time.     7. — I  will  go  as  I   have 
nothing  else  to  do.     8  — The  public  will  see  to  that  in  a  day  or  two. 

H.ALVIXG  PRINXTPLE,  Page  39. 

3. — track,  trap,  trail,  prayer,  prior,  break.  4. — prime,  preach, 
brains,  pride,  brick,  grip.  7. — taper,  keeper,  labor,  letter,  pressure, 
treasure.  8. — frail,  frame,  fried,  favor,  ever,  either.  9. — preachers, 
creatures,  fritters,  traders,  primers,  teachers.  10. — tailor,  teller, 
sailor,  miller,  jailor,  scholar. 

LENGTHENING  PRINCIPLE,   Page  41. 

3. — towed,  tied,  doubt,  stout,  citizen.  4. — mat,  sat,  head,  late,  quite, 
mode.  5. — filled,  build,  hold,  mild,  skilled.  6. — board,  .short,  start, 
sort,  sport.  7. — act,  apt,  art,  old,  east,  end.  9. — treated,  spaded, 
slated,  crated,  cheated.  10. — acted,  ended,  needed,  loaded,  sodded. 
11. — different,  intended,  assist,  attend,  inside. 

SENTENCES,  Page  43. 

1. — Try  and  be  of  use  that  you  may  be  happy.  2. — Do  that  which  is 
right,  speak  that  which  is  true.  3. — The  tree  will  bend  while  young  and 
break  when  old.  4. — Be  sure  you  are  right  ere  you  go  too  far.  5  — 
Father  said  we  might  go  to  school  next  winter.  6. — Our  house  is  built 
of  wood  and  is  very  dry.  7. — I  know  you  will  enjoy  that  trip  in  the 
spring.  8.— He  told  me  they  would  be  here  to-night.  9. — A  friend  in 
need  is  a  friend  indeed.  10. — They  are  happy  who  do  right  and  count 
not — 1 1. — the  cost.  They  are  wise  who  have  learned  that — 12. — it  is  of 
no  use  to  worry  but  to  act.  13. — Do  you  know  that  the  toiler  who  would 
earn  his — 14. — pay,  should  leave  his  couch  at  break  of  day. 

MINUTING  PRINCIPLE,  Page  45. 

3. — pickle,  sickle,  nickel,  tickle,  legal,  cackle.  4. — nibble,  pebble, 
feeble,  quibble,  hobble,  sable.  7. — mingle,  tingle,  jingle, ankle, wrinkle, 
sprinkle.  8. — nimble,  humble,  thimble,  trample,  ample,  honorable. 
9. — lawful,  awful,  careful,  ritle,  painful,  baffle.  10. — novel,  ravel,  evil, 
marvel,  level,  anvil.  11. — When  will  you  be  able  to  be  there?  12. — 
The  people  were  very  glad  to  see  me. 


KEY    T()    THE    SHORTHAND    I'LATES.  \  ^7 

REVERSING  PRINCIPLE,  Page  47. 

3. — post,  boast,  fast,  cask,  past,  feast.  4. — place,  please,  pleasing, 
pleased,  class,  flies,  blessing.  5. — ask,  asks,  ascribe,  aspire,  escape, 
eastern.  8. — sustain,  suspense,  suspend,  suspect,  system,  systems, 
9. — passes,  faces,  chases,  roses,  mixes,  access.  10. — whisk,  wasp, 
wisp,  whiskers,  whispers,  witness.  11. — How  very  fast  these  pleasant 
days  pass  by.  12. — Have  a  place  for  everything  rnd  have  everything 
in  its  place. 

SENTENCES,  Page  49. 

1 . — It  is  good  to  be  merry  and  wise.  2. — Use  the  means  and  trust  to 
God  for  the  blessing.  3. — It  is  said  that  all  is  well  that  ends  well.  4. — 
That  which  you  have  to  do  do  with  all  your  might.  5. — To  say 
well  is  good,  to  do  well  is  better.  6. — This  is  the  hour  to  speak  and 
the  hour  to  act.  7. — He  that  falls  to-day  may  be  up  to-morrow.  8. — 
They  that  steal  an  ounce  will  steal  a  pound.  9. — Do  that  which  is  right, 
love  that  which  is  true.  10. — Old  birds  are  not  to  be  caught  with  chaff. 
1 1 . — I  shall  be  pleased  to  see  you  any  day.  12. — What  do  you  think  of 
the  new  way  of  writing?  13. — I  think  it  is  very  easy  to  learn  and  it  is 
not  hard  to  read  either. 

SUBORDINATE  RULES,  Page  51. 

2. — register,  originate,  regiment,  knowledge,  diligent,  lodging.  4. — 
recognize,  record,  regular,  elected,  electricity.  6. — station,  session, 
rations,  ocean,  position,  iiTstitution.  8. — attention,  invention,  assertion, 
auctioneer,  election,  inspection.  10. — prediction,  election,  attraction. 
12. — extend,  exhaust,  exposition,  daily,  sorely,  neatly.  13. — propor- 
tionately, additionally,  occasionally,  rationally,  intentionally,  optionally. 

SENTENCES,  Page  53. 

7. — There  is  a  time  to  speak  and  there  is  a — 8. — time  to  act.  Time 
and  tide  wait  for — 9. — no  man.  How  soon  can  you  come  and  how — 10. — 
long  can  you  stay?  Have  you  seen  him  several  times?  11. — In  my 
opinion  that  course  does  not  seem  best.  12. — The  general  purpose  of 
such  a  course  is  to  secure  strength. 


138  NEW   SlANDAkU   SlIoRlMAM). 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES,   P;i-e  55. 

1. — because,  beneath,  betray,  bequeath,  bequest.  2. — deny,  depot, 
desirable,  describe,  defend.  3. — retain,  redeem,  remind,  request, 
reduce.  4. — conceit,  confuse,  confer,  contrast,  contract.  5. — combine, 
compose,  company,  complete,  compare.  6. — contain,  continue,  condi- 
tion, condemnation,  contemplation.  7. — conj^ress,  concrete,  concur, 
concordance,  concurrence.  8. — surface,  surpass,  certiticate,  surprise, 
serviceable,  surrender.  9. — permit,  pernicious,  perspire,  perseverance, 
perspective.  10. — profess,  produce,  protract,  protest,  promote.  11  — 
mortal,  morman,  mortise,  murmur,  murder,  12. — multiple,  multiplica- 
tion, multitude,  maltreated.  13. — unconscious,  unconverted,  incom- 
plete, unconcern,  incomprehensible.  14. — circular,  circulation,  circle, 
circulars,  circuit. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES,  contmued,  Page  57. 

1. — dispose,  distress,  disgrace,  discuss,  dispel,  disciple.  2. — misplace, 
mistake,  miscellany,  mister,  miserable.  3. — interest,  interpose,  inter- 
mit, entirely,  enter.  4. — under,  undermine,  undergo,  understood, 
underrate.  5. — transmit,  translation,  transposition,  transact,  transcribe. 
6. — self-same,  self-made,  self-conceit,  seltish,  self-esteem.  7. — submit, 
substance,  substitute,  subtract.  8. — superstitious,  superscription,  super- 
vise, supreme.  V.  —  senate,  sentence,  sensation,  sentinal,  seems. 
10. — similar,  simple,  single,  simplest,  singular.  11. — sunned,  sunset, 
sundries,  somehow,  something.  12. — manful,  manual,  manifest,  mani- 
fold, manager,  mantel.  13. — temptation,  temperance,  temporal,  demo- 
crat, tendency.  14. — penetration,  penitentiary,  penman,  pension, 
punishment. 

FINAL  SYLLABLES,   Page  59. 

1. — manage,  marriage,  usage,  average,  image,  baggage.  2. — reside, 
proceed,  decide,  besides,  consider.  3. — desist,  resist,  consist,  persist, 
insist.  4. — deserve,  preserve,  reserve,  conserve,  observe,  subserve. 
5. — conform,  deform,  perform,  reform,  inform.  6. — defect,  perfect, 
infect,  affect,  effect.  7. — reflect,  deflect,  inllict,  conflict,  afflict.  8. — 
autograph,  paragraph,  stenography,  lithograph,  pantograph.  9. — 
theology,  physiology,  biology,  ethnology,  geology,  theological.     10.— 


KEY    TO     ITIK    SlluKl  11AM)    PLATKS.  139 

oratory,  preparatory,  depository,  supplementary,  notary.  11. — man- 
hood, sisterhood,  boyhood,  falsehood,  brotherhood.  12. — testament, 
sentiment,  liniment,  elements.  13. — hardship,  lordship,  scholarship, 
worship,  authorship.  14. — myself,  itself,  herself,  yourself,  themselves, 
himself. 

SENTEN'CES,  Page  65. 

1. — We  have  no  right  to  teach  that  which  we  do  not  believe.  2. — 
Sometimes  the  more  one  has  the  more  he  wishes  to  have.  3. — A  word 
let  go  cannot  be  called  back.  4. — A  good  word  is  as  soon  said  as  a  bad 
one.  5. — It  is  vain  to  use  words  where  deeds  are  expected.  6. — An 
hour  of  pain  is  as  long  as  a  day  of  pleasure.  7. — Not  to  have  hope  is 
the  poorest  of  all  conditions.  8. — That  which  you  have  to  do,  do  with 
all  your  might.  9. — If  pride  were  an  art  there  would  be  many  teachers. 
10. — Willful  thoughts  have  no  excuse  and  deserve  no  pardon.  11. — 
Happy  is  he  who  knows  his  follies  in  his  youth.  12. — First,  be  sure  you 
are  right  and  then  go  ahead.  13. — Leave  not  until  to-morrow  that 
which  you  can  do  to-day.  14. — .\re  you  not  happy  to  be  able  to  write 
shorthand. 

PHRASE  WRITING,  Page  67. 

1. — to  a,  not  a,  by  a,  of  a,  is  a,  for  a,  as  a  or  has  a.  2. — which  are, 
there  are,  they  are, we  are,  that  are,  you  are.  3. — and  to, and  will,  and  a, 
and  you,  and  I,  and  is  or  his,  you  and  I.  4. — to  all,  of  all,  on  all,  for 
all,  all  of,  all  other.  5. — as  is  or  has  his,  as  has,  as  well  as,  as  large 
as,  as  great  as,  as  many  as,  as  soon  as.  6. — to  be,  will  be,  can  be, 
may  be,  shall  be,  be  able  to.  7. —  for  it,  if  it,  with  it,  which  it,  it 
will,  it  is.  8. — did  you,  we  did,  I  did,  did  have,  did  it.  9.— he  was,  he 
is,  he  said,  he  will,  he  can,  is  he  or  as  he.  10. — he  had,  who  had,  and 
had,  had  there  or  other,  we  had.  1 1 . — for  is  or  his,  ot  his,  or  is  or  his, 
which  is  or  his,  is  not,  in  his,  that  is  or  his.  12.— have  not,  to  have, 
will  have,  we  have,  would  have,  have  there  or  other,  you  have.  13. — 
1  will,  I  know,  I  have,  1  shall,  I  wish,  I  think,  that  I.  14.— in  a,  in  there 
or  other,  in  which,  in  such,  in  some,  in  many,  in  this. 


140  NEW  STANDARD  SHUKTHAND. 

PHRASE  WRITING,  continued,  Page  69. 
1 . — to  me  or  my,  for  me  or  my,  at  me  or  my,  in  me  or  my,  is  my. 
2. — will  not,  not  very,  could  not,  don't,  did  not,  should  not.  3. — their 
own  or  thereon,  is  on  or  his  own,  our  own,  her  own,  my  own,  its  own 
or  it  is  on.  4. — no  one,  for  one,  anyone,  which  one,  some  one.  5. — 
for  to,  is  to  or  his  too,  that  to,  or  to  or  our  two,  to  which,  to  you.  6. — 
no  other,  in  there  or  in  other,  with  their  or  with  other,  by  their  or  by 
there  or  by  other,  any  other,  some  other.  7. — more  than,  less  than, 
greater  than,  than  to,  than  will,  than  their  or  than  there  or  than  other. 
8. — to  the,  by  the  or  be  the,  for  the,  will  the,  and  the,  so  the,  that  the. 
9.— that  will,  that  can,  that  which,  that  a,  to  that,  in  that,  that  that. 
10. — you  will,  will  you,  to  you,  do  you,  have  you,  you  may,  that  you. 
1 1 . — to  your,  by  your  or  be  your,  for  your,  which  your,  of  your,  that 
your.  12. — by  and  by,  higher  and  higher,  less  and  less,  greater  and 
greater,  year  by  year,  one  by  one,  two  by  two. 

ADVICE  TO  THE  STUDENT,  Page  71. 
1. — The  principle  of  combining  words  into  phrases  is — 2. — ver}  useful 
but  should  never  be  permitted  to  impair — 3. — the  legibility  of  the  writ- 
ing. In  your  practice  you  should  phrase  only — 4. — such  words  as  will 
join  easily  and  which  will  be — 5. — perfectly  legible  to  any  one  who 
understands  the  system.  6. — Remember  that  the  purpose  of  phrasing  is 
to  facilitate  your  work — 7. — in  every  way  possible,  and,  therefore, 
practice  it  only — 8.— where  it  will  conduce  to  this  end.  9. — Take  pains 
to  form  your  characters  well  and  in  writing — 10. — use  an  easy,  sliding 
motion,  observing  that  no  time — 11. — is  wasted  in  passing  from  one 
word  to — 12. — another.  Let  your  motto  be,  practice  and  perseverance, 
and — 13. — with  the  belief  that  what  others  have  done  you  can  do,  noth- 
ing— 14. — will  {^vent  you  from  reachmg  the  goal  of  your  ambition. 

'derivative  outlines.  Page  75. 
1. — almost,  already.  Almighty,  although,  altogether.  2. — also, 
always.  Forbear,  foreclose,  forget,  forgot.  3. — foreknown  or  fore- 
noon, former,  foresee,  forethought,  forgive  or  forgave,  formation,  fore- 
tell. 4. — Hereto,  hereby,  hereafter,  hereon,  herein,  heretofore.  5. — 
herewith,  hereupon,  hereat.  Outcome,  outlit,  outer.  6. — outlook, 
outnumber,  outrage  or  outreach,  outset  or  out.<ide,  outstanding.     7. — 


KEY  TO  THE  SHORTHAND  PLATES.  141 

outwork,  outward,  outline.  Oversee,  overrule.  8. — overtake,  over- 
took, overhead,  overload,  overcoat,  overwhelm.  9. — Whereby,  where- 
ever,  whereto,  whereof,  wherewith,  wherefore.  10. — wherein,  where- 
upon. Within,  withheld,  withhold.  11. — without,  withdrawn,  with- 
stand. Thereby,  therein.  12. — thereon,  therefore,  thereat,  thereafter, 
thereto,  thereupon.  13. — therewith.  Wherever,  whatever,  however, 
whoever,  whenever.  14. — whichever,  forever,  wheresoever,  whatso- 
ever, whichsoever,  whosoever. 

SHORTHAND  NOTATION,  Page  79. 

I . — three  hundred,  four  hundred,  five  hundred,  six  hundred,  twenty- 
seven  hundred.  2. — three  thousand,  four  thousand,  twenty-five  thous- 
and, four  hundred  thousand,  eight  hundred  thousand.  3. — three  million, 
one  million,  four  million,  eight  million,  three  hundred  million.  4. — four 
dollars,  three  dollars,  ten  dollars,  four  hundred  dollars,  seven  thousand 
dollars.  5. — three  minutes,  two  hours,  four  days,  seven  weeks.  6. — 
six  months,  three  years,  four  days  ago,  six  weeks  ago.  Twenty  four- 
miles,  three  feet.  7. — ten  inches,  seven  pounds,  three  shillings,  six 
pence,  ninety-nine  times  out  of  a  hundred. 

ADVICE  TO  YOUNG  MEN,  Page  81. 

I. — Let  me  address  you  for  a  moment  touching  your  success  in  life 
2. — and  I  hope  the  very  brevity  of  my  remarks  will  increase  the — 3. — 
chance  of  their  making  a  lodgement  in  your  mind.  Let  me — 4. — beg 
you  in  the  outset  of  your  career  to  dismiss — 5. — from  your  mind  all  idea 
of  succeeding  by  luck.  6. — There  is  no  more  common  thought  among 
young  people  than  that  foolish — 7. — one  that  by  and  by  something  will 
turn  up  by  which  they  will  suddenly  — 8. — achieve  fame  and  fortune. 
No,  young  gentleman,  things  don't  turn  up — 9. — in  this  world  unless 
somebody  turns  them  up.  Whatever — 10. — you  win  in  life  you  must 
conquer  by  your  own  efforts  and — 11. — then  it  is  yours,  a  part  of  your- 
self. (Applause.)  12. r— Let  me  suggest  that  in  giving  you  being  God 
locked — 13. — up  in  your  nature  certain  forces  and  capabilities.  Preserve 
— 14. — these  forces.  Do  not  burn  them  out  with  brandy — 15.  — or 
waste  them  in  idleness  and  crime.  Save  and — 16. — protect  them  that 
they  may  save  for  you  fame  and — 17. — fortune.  Honestly  resolve  to 
do  this  and  you  will  be  an — 18. — honor  to  yourself  and  to  your  country. 
{App/ause). 


142  NEW    STANDARD    SHiJRTHAND. 

GEMS  OF  POETRY,   Page  82. 

Courage  brother,  do  not  stumble. 

Though  thy  path  be  dark  as  night; 
There's  a  star  to  guide  the  humble. 

Trust  in  God  and  do  the  right. 

The  heights  by  great  men  reached  and  kept, 

Were  not  attained  by  sudden  flight; 
But  they,  while  their  companions  slept. 

Were  toiling  upward  in  the  night. 

Our  whitest  pearl  we  never  lind, 

Our  ripest  fruit  we  never  reach; 
The  fiowery  moments  of  the  mind 

Drop  half  their  petals  in  our  speech. 

LETTER  No.   1,  Page  83. 

Washington,   D.  C,   April  6,   '91. 
Prof.  A.  T.  Porter, 

Supt.  Public  Instruction. 
Dear  Sir: 

It  affords  me  pleasure  to  testify  to  the  personal  worth  and  educational 
qualifications  of  Mr.  Chas.  L.  Miller,  who,  I  am  informed,  is  an  applicant 
for  a  position  in  one  of  your  public  schools. 

He  graduated  at  this  Institution,  as  his  diploma  will  show,  in  '86.  As 
a  student  he  was  distinguished  for  diligence,  accuracy,  integrity  and  a 
conscientious  discharge  of  every  duty;  and  these  qualities  he  has  carried 
with  him  into  the  schoolroom  and  into  society.  Such  elements  of 
character  combined  with  aptness  in  teaching  and  tact  in  enforcing  disci- 
pline cannot  fail  to  render  him,  what  I  have  long  known  him  to  be,  a 
very  efficient  and  superior  teacher.  I  cheerfully  recommend  him  for  the 
position  to  which  he  aspires. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

Sam'l  K.  Waterford,  Principal. 


KKY    'lO     IIIK    SIIOKTIIAM)    PI, AXES.  143 

LKTTKR  No.  2,  Page  84. 

State  of  New  York,  Att'y  Gen's  Office,  Dec.  2,   '90. 
Hon.   R.  A.  Maxwell, 

Supt.  Insurance. 
Dkar  Sir: 

Replying  to  your  letter  of  the  27th  of  October  relating  to  .\ssessmei.t 
Insurance  Associations  not  authorized  to  transact  business  in  this  state 
I  have  to  advise  you : 

1.  That  under  section  10,  chapter  175  of  the  laws  of  '83,  no  such 
association  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  another  state  can  lawfully 
transact  business  in  this  state  unless  it  receives  from  the  Supt.  of 
Insurance  of  this  State  a  certificate  of  authority  to  do  business  here. 

2.  That  under  section  20  of  that  act  any  person  who  acts  within  this 
State  as  an  agent  or  collector  of  any  such  association,  which  has  not 
obtained  from  the  Superintendant  a  certiticate  of  authority  to  transact 
business  here,  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof 
may  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $100.00  or  more  than  $500.00, 
or  by  imprisonment  in  a  county  jail  for  not  less  than  ten  days  or 
more  than  one  year. 

Page  85. 

3.  Any  citizen  in  the  state  knowing  or  having  reason  to  believe  that 
any  person  has  been  guilty  of  the  offense  specified  in  the  20th  section 
may  make  a  complaint  in  due  form  to  the  proper  magistrate  in  the 
county  where  the  offense  was  committed. 

4.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  District  Attorney  upon  complaint  being  made 
to  him  that  such  an  offense  has  been  committed  to  submit  all  cases  of 
this  character  to  the  next  Grand  Jury  that  sits  in  the  county,  for  their 
action,  and  if  an  indictment  is  found  it  is  his  duty  to  cause  the  offender 
to  be  arrested  and  brought  to  trial. 

I  think  I  have  fully  outlined  the  method  of  procedure  for  the  supres- 
sion  of  the  business  of  unauthorized  insurance  in  this  State  of  the 
character  referred  to  in  your  letter.  I  am  not  aware  of  any  other 
remedy  than  the  one  I  have  pointed  out. 

Very  truly  yours, 

("has.  F.  Tabor,  .Attorney  General. 


144  NKW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

SPEECH  BEFORE  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES, 

Page  105. 

1. — Mr.  Chairman:  In  the  brief  remarks  which  I  desire  to  make  on  the 
2. — bill  under  consideration,  I  do  not  propose  to  discuss  at — 3. — length 
the  arguments  which  gentlemen  on  both  sides  of  the  House— 4. — have 
already  fully  presented,  nor  shall  I  attempt  to — 5. — review  or  to  put  a 
new  meaning  into  the  great — 6. — mass  of  custom  figures  which  have 
been  so  carefully — 7. — prepared  and  explained  by  the  gentlemen  who 
have  preceded  me.  8. — I  do  not  intend  to  debate  the  question  whether 
or  not  we  shall  — 9.— have  a  tariff  or  whether  that  tariff  shall  be  one  for 
protection — 1 0.— or  not.  I  assume  that  whether  this  bill  passes  or — 1 1 . 
— not  we  shall  continue  to  have  in  this  country  a  protective — 12. — 
tariff,  and  that  protective  tariff,  if  it  be  fairly  adjusted,— 13.— if  its 
burdens  be  distributed  with  justice  so  far  as  the — 14. — interests  of  my 
constituents  are  concerned,  I  expect — 15. — to  defend  and  advocate  it  as 
long  as  I  live.  And— 16. — as  long  as  1  live,  whenever  I  find  in  the  tariff 
laws— 17.-^or  in  any  other  of  the  laws  which  affect  the  people  whom  I 

Page  106. 

1. — represent,  anything  which  seems  to  me  in  any  degree  unfair  or — 
2. — unjust,  I  shall  not  hesitate  to  advocate  their  revision  and — 3. — 
amendment.'  (Applause).  I  propose  here  to  discuss  only  what — 4. — 
seems  to  me  to  be  the  question  before  the  House,  whether  or  not — 5. — 
the  present  tariff  and  free  list  which  accompanies  it — 6. — should  remain 
unchanged  during  the  existence  of  the  50th  Congress.  In  the— 7. — 
discussion  of  this  question  I  shall  not  attempt  to  imitate — 8. — the 
gentlemen  who  have  with  such  wonderful  patience  and  industry — 9. — 
examined  the  views  of  the  earlier  presidents  and  construction  of  the 
tariff — 10. — of  1789,  and  who  have  so  carefully  reviewed  the  whole 
course  of — 11. — legislation  on  this  subject  since  the  foundation  of  the 
Republic.  12. — For  my  part  and  with  the  utmost  deference  to  the  Icarn-  »> 
ing — 13. — and  ability  of  the  gentlemen  who  have  spoken,  I  am  forced 
to  believe  that — 14. — owing  to  the  changes  in  transportation,  invention  «.f 
of  new  machinery, — 15. — the  growth  and  development  of  the  country  and 
improvements  which  have — 16.— accomplished  modern  civilization,  here 


KKY    TO    THE    SHOR  rHAND   PLATES.  143 

and  all  ovei  the  world,  that  the — 17. — problem  presented  to  us  is  entirely 
different  trom  that — 18. — considered  by  the  earlier  contestants  over  these 
questions. 

BIBLE  SELECTIONS,  Page   107. 

1. — Let  the  wicked  forsake  his  way  and  the  unrighteous  man  his 
thoughts— 2. — and  let  him  return  to  our  Lord  and  he  will  have  mercy 
upon — 3. — him  and  to  our  God  for  He  will  abundantly  pardon.  But 
seek — 4.  — ye  first  the  kingdom  of  God  and  His  righteousness  and  all  these 
things  shall  be— 5. — added  unto  you.  I  say  unto  you  that  likewise  joy 
shall  be— 6. — in  heaven  over  one  sinner  that  repenteth  more  than  over 
ninety — 7. — and  nine  just  persons  which  need  no  repentance.  8. — For 
we  know  that  if  our  earthly  house  of  this  tabernacle  be — 9 — dissolved 
we  have  a  building  of  God,  a  house  not  made  — 10. — with  hands,  eternal 
in  the  heavens.  Thou  shalt  love  the — 11. — Lord  thy  God  with  all  thy 
heart  and  with  all  thy  soul— 12. — and  with  all  thy  mind  and  with  all  thy 
strength.  Go  ye — 13. — therefore  and  make  disciples  of  all  nations, 
baptising  them — 14. — into  the  name  of  the  Father  and  of  the  Son  and  of 
the  Holy  Ghost — 15. — teaching  them  to  observe  all  things  whatsoever  I 
command — 16.— you,  and  lo,  I  am  with  you  always  even  unto  the  end — 
17. — of  the  world.     Behold,  I  stand  at  the  door  and  knock. 

COURT  TESTIMONY,  Page  108. 

J.  C.  Walker,  a  witness  for  the  plaintiff,  being  duly  sworn,  testifies 
as  follows: 

Direct  Exaffiination  by  Hon.  S.  P.  Tanner. 

Q.  What  is  your  occupation  or  business?  X.  I  am  a  real  estate 
dealer,  hut  at  the  present  time  I  am  engaged  in  the  insurance  business. 

Q.     Where  do  you  reside  ?     A.     At  496  Market  street,  this  city. 

Q.     Do  you  know  the  plaintiff  in  this  action  ?    A.     Yes,  sir,  I  do. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  known  him?  A.  I  have  been  acquainted 
with  him  for  more  than  twenty  year 

Q.  Please  state  whether  or  not  you  have  had  any  business  relations 
with  him  during  these  twenty  years.     A.     No,  sir,  none  to  speak  of. 


146  ■   NEW  SIANDARD  SHOKl HAND. 

Q.  Well,  ^o  on  and  state  as  near  as  you  can  the  conversation  that 
took  place  between  you  and  the  defendant  at  the  time  oi  your  last 
meeting. 

Objected  to  as  irrelevant,  immaterial  and  having  no  bearing  upon  the 
issues  of  the  case. 

Objection  overruled;  exception  taken. 

Cross  Examination  by  Mr.  k.  T.  Leonard. 

You  may  examine  this  note  (paper  handed  to  witness)  and  state 
whether  or  not  this  is  your  own  signature  signed  at  the  bottom.  A. 
Yes,  sir.     1  believe  that  is  my  own  handwriting. 

Q.  Do  you  recollect  having  given  that  note  to  the  defendant  some 
years  ago  ? 


DERIVATIVES  OF  CONTRACTIONS. 

Keporliiig  Contractions,  piige  80.  Text  book. 


thereabouts  '  accord-cd  accordingly  accordance 

advantages  advantageous  advantageously  adva  ntageo  usness 

°7  °^  °Z..  °Z,o 

advertised  advertises  advertising  advertiser 


advertisement  appropriated  appropriates  appropriately 

appropriating  appropriateness  appropriation  inappropriate 

after-noon  after-thought  accomplished  accomplishes 

accomplishing  accoviplishment   businesses  capability 

capabilities  capableness  incapable  convenicncy 

^\  "^  ^\  ^ 

inconveniently  christians  christianize  unchristianly 

circuvistances  circuvistantial    circumstantially  circumstantiality 
commons 


commonness  cotnmon-piace        uncommonly 


commonalty  common-uealth     commences 


commencement  defendants  establish-ed 


establishers 


est  a  blish  men  t        esta  blish  ing 


familiarizing  familiarly  gloried 

glorify  glorification        glorying 

glorionsness  inglorious  hands 


DERIVATIVES  OF  CONTRACTION'S.— Co7iciuded. 

/landed 


hand-hill 
handsome 


ig7iorance 
objective 

> 

proposes 


handful  handily 

magnificently     necessarily 


objectionable 


objection 

proposition         particularly 
particularize     particularization  peculiarity        periodically 


representation    representative^     revolutionary     revolutionist 


subjectively  \     suggestion      /     suggestive^ sufficiency 

scriptural  signifying  signij'ication       superintendence 


kingfisher 


superintending   whether  or  not       kingly 


OTHER  DERIVATIVES 

aniericanize        faction-al  facsimile  judging 

l^  u 

procession  publication 


legislative  possession 

public-higlnvay  public-house 


•V 


questionable         riches 


richness  security 

i — ^  <^ 

strengthening 


severalty 


spiritless 


Other  derivatives  of  these  coiitraetions  will  be  I'ound  in  the  Vocabulary. 


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AA    001  168  623   5 


Z56 

M194ne 

1903 


